The issue of religion and prayers has become a frequent issue lately. More and more people want to enrich their spiritual life. In general, learning to say Namaz is a mandatory requirement for every Muslim believer; not performing Namaz is a sin. All believers should read Namaz, just like all Christians pray with an appeal to the Higher Powers. We will try to figure out step by step what to do for those who have recently accepted Islam and do not yet fully understand.
Actually, it means prayer, ritual, one part of the five pillars of Islam. Previously, prayers were pronounced in a full voice with a strong pronunciation of the formulas of the monotheism of Allah. Of course, in the Koran there is no framework for reproducing prayers, but there are many indications of parts, such as prayer times, formulas, specific manipulations, and the like. The actions are copying all the actions of the Prophet Muhammad. Modern uniformity was formed over a century and a half and was recorded in writing. The main prayer is several parts of prayer poses accompanied by the recitation of formulas. Actions follow each other in a certain sequence, violating it, the process is considered invalid, and pronunciation is mandatory. Arabic. So, daily spiritual actions consist of the following necessary prayers:
- Morning - Fajr.
- Midday - zuhr.
- Early evening – Asr.
- Evening – Maghrib.
- Night - isha.
It will be executed both individually and en masse absolutely everywhere, in suitable place arrival Midday on Fridays takes place in the mosque, but the floor where prayers are performed must be thoroughly washed. It is also possible to use a special carpet, it is called sajjada. During the period of mass prayer, people are close to the imam - the representative who leads the process. But as for female representatives, they must be in a different room from the men, or stand behind.
In the process, similar to Christianity, it is forbidden to speak, eat, drink, laugh and make any extraneous noise. Of course, you understand that you cannot turn to Allah in an alcoholic, delirious state. There are exceptions to the rules, and for example, patients and people with health limitations can perform the ritual while sitting, or even lying down, praying mentally. IN modern world, in many Muslim countries, there is no special control over the observance of prayer; technique is a matter of conscience of the believer. It is important not to force yourself to do this; your intentions and desire are sincere, to make an appeal. Of course, the appearance is also necessary, to correspond, that is, the clothes are clean, without stains, and the time is as prescribed by the Koran, taking into account the definitions for each prayer.
It’s okay if you became a Muslim not long ago and don’t know for sure about the literacy of performing namaz, that is, the prayer process. The main thing is your pure and sincere desire to learn. The simplest and effective method implement, start visiting the mosque, repeat namaz after someone. This is a great option for newbie men, read the Quran first and be prepared accordingly. Consider all the actions and body position of the person saying the prayer. Start by learning the time of pronunciation of each type of prayer and the rules for performing it. And also, remember the words and order of performing namaz, for starters, at least three short suras. This is not at all difficult, like all beginners, complications and mistakes may arise, but this does not mean that the prayer will not be accepted by higher powers. Strive to perform all actions from the heart, sincerely.
How to learn to perform namaz for a girl
An inexperienced Muslim woman must know certain rules before starting to perform namaz, since, unlike Christianity, there are restrictions regarding the female gender. The correctness of reproducing the prayer is equal for everyone, the only difference is the position of the arms and legs during the process. A woman, like any Muslim, needs, in addition to knowing the correct pronunciation in Arabic, to delve into the meaning.
It is extremely important to read words correctly so that every inexperienced woman can perform prayer when writing prayers; sometimes the Russian alphabet is used. So, the girl needs to arrive clean and visit the toilet before starting the prayer. Make sure that the body is completely covered, leaving only the areas of the face, arms, hands, and feet. Then, raise your hands, fingers up, to your shoulders, and point your palms towards the Kaaba. The pose is as follows: your hands remain on the chest line, your legs are parallel to each other. After completing the reading, fix your hands on your chest, place your right hand on top of your left, and begin prayer.
How to learn to do namaz from scratch
It has already been said that for a beginner in the Muslim faith, when performing prayer, it is best to repeat after an experienced one.
This way you will avoid repeating and getting used to erroneous prayer. But you can also gradually learn on your own how to act correctly during prayer. Start by reading any four lines of the Holy Quran, memorize them and understand their meaning. Of course, it will be difficult for beginners at first; sometimes it seems that you have absolutely no idea where to even start. Put your own thoughts and your appearance in the right order, tune in to a sincere appeal to Allah. It is recommended to first read one of the main prayers - rak'ah.
It consists of a cycle of prayer poses and techniques accompanied by the recitation of formulas. Two types of rak'ahs are written - fard and sunnah, they are spoken out loud, with the exception of midday prayer. For a person who is not limited by illness, has reached maturity, and is not on the road, these two prayers are obligatory. Before starting to read, worshipers are required to completely cleanse the body; this includes not only visiting the toilet. To do this, you need to cough several times and stomp a little.
The position should be in the direction of the front part towards the Kaaba, that is, the shrine located in the city of Mecca. You can use a compass to determine its direction, try to follow the directions. The main rule is to observe the prescribed time for performing prayer; if you start a little earlier, the prayer will not be considered valid. There are schedules for each geographical location of the Muslim country, following them, you can practice on your own and in the mosque.
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Namaz, as is known,- one of the most important pillars of Islam. Through prayer, a servant of Allah worships his Lord through body and spirit.
In the Holy Book of Islam and the Noble Sunnah of the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.a.w.) there are many references to the importance of prayer for believers. Thus, in Surah “Spider” our Creator actually commands us to perform prayer:
“Read what is revealed to you from the Scripture and perform prayer. Indeed, prayer protects from abomination and reprehensible" (29:45)
The practice of Sunni Islam rests on four madhhabs, the presence of which marks the flexibility of the entire religious system. In this material we will tell you how prayer is read by men within the framework of these generally accepted theological and legal schools in Sunnism. Due to the fact that the Hanafi madhhab dominates among Russian-speaking Muslims, video material on the procedure for performing prayer according to this particular theological and legal school will be presented as an illustration.
Let us recall that the mandatory conditions for recognition of prayer as valid are: a person’s confession of Islam and his spiritual fullness, adulthood (from the point of view of Sharia), prayer at a strictly established time for it. (prayer schedule for Russian cities submitted), the presence of taharat, cleanliness of clothing and the place where namaz is performed, observance of the aura (so that private parts are not exposed during prostrations), turning to the Qibla (Kaaba), the person’s intention to read namaz.
Let us describe the step-by-step performance of prayer on specific example with video.
The order of reading the prayer
(using the morning example)
This prayer includes two rak'ahs of sunnat and farda. The believer must initially say out loud or silently to himself: intention(niyat) to perform morning prayer. It goes on to say takbir tahrim - "Allahu Akbar!"(“Allah is great!”). This type of takbir indicates the beginning of prayer. After it, a person is prohibited from uttering extraneous words and making movements not directly related to prayer. IN otherwise it will not be considered completed.
It is important to pay attention to how the hands are positioned during takbir tahrim. The Hanafi and Maliki madhhabs affirm the need at the sunnah level for men to raise their hands to the back of their heads and touch their earlobes with their thumbs, while in the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools this is not necessary. After this action it reads dua-sana:
“SubhanakAllahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmuka, wa taala jadduka, wa la ilaha gairuk”
Translation:“Glory and praise to you, Allah! Your name is pious, Your greatness is above all. And there is no one worthy of worship except You."
Note that within the Shafi'i madhhab used another dua-sana:
“Uadzhyakhtu wajhiya lil-lyaziya fataras-samauaati wal-ard, haniifam-muslima, wa ma ana min al-mushrikin, innas-salati wa nusuki, wa makhyaya, wa mamati lil-lyahi rabbil-'alamin, la sharika lyakh, wa bi zalika umirtu wa ana minal-muslimin"
Translation:“I turn my face to Him who made the heavens and the earth. And I'm not a polytheist. Truly, my prayer and my good behavior, life and death belong only to Allah - the Lord of the worlds, Who has no partner. This is exactly what I was ordered to do, and I am one of the Muslims (who submitted to the Almighty Creator).”
At this moment, according to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, men should place their hands below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand clasp the wrist of the left. In the Shafi'i madhhab, the hands should be above the navel, but below the chest. Malikis usually have their hands down. In the Hanbali madhhab there is no consensus on where exactly to place the hands - below or above the navel. The solution to this issue is left to the discretion of the most devout.
Rakaat No. 1. Standing - kyyam
Following the dua-sana, formulas are read "taauz":“Aguzu bil-Lyahi min ash-shaitan ir-rajim”(“I take refuge in Allah from the [defilement] of the stoned devil”), basmalla:"Bismillayah ir-Rahmaan ir-Rahiim"(“In the name of Allah [I begin the business]”) and "Fatiha". Then any other surah or consecutive Quranic verses (at least three). An example of an additional Qur'anic text that can be chanted in the first rak'ah is Surah Kausar:
“Innaa agtainaa kyal-kyausar. Fasalli li-rabbikya wa-ankhar. Innaa shaa niyakya huwal-abetar" (108:1-3)
Translation of meaning (according to E. Kuliev):“We have given you Abundance (the river in Paradise, which is called al-Kawsar). Therefore perform prayer for the sake of your Lord and slaughter the sacrifice. Truly, your hater will himself be childless.”
The vertical position of the person praying when reading “Fatiha” and other parts of the Koranic text is called “kyyam” (standing).
Bow bow - hand’
Next, the believer makes a bow from the waist (ruku’ or rukug), rests his palms with fingers slightly apart on his kneecaps, as shown in the photo, trying to keep his back straight parallel to the floor, and says to himself three times: "Subhana Rabbial-Gaziym"(“Pure is my Great Lord”). Then you should get out of the “ruku” state into a vertical position with the words: "SamigAllahu li-man hamida"(“Allah hears the one who pronounces praises”). Then the worshiper pronounces the formula to himself: "Rabbana lakal-hamde"(“O our Lord, to You be praise”). When exiting the waist bow, the person’s arms are lowered along the body.
Let us note that in the Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs, before starting the bow, a person must raise his hands, as in the case of takbir tahrim among the Hanafis and Malikis. At the same time, for the latter, this movement within prayers with an even number of rakats is uncharacteristic.
Prostration - Sujud
The next element of prayer is sajd (or sajdah) - prostration with the words tabir tahrim. Opinions in different madhhabs differed on how to perform this action. Most Muslim scholars of different schools, relying on the Sunnah of the Grace of the Worlds of Muhammad (s.g.w.), stated that first the knees are lowered to the floor, then the hands and, finally, the head, which is located between the hands. In the Shafi'i madhhab, hands are placed at shoulder level. The tips of the fingers must be kept not torn off the floor and directed towards Kyibla. There is no need to close your eyes in Sujud.
Sajda symbolizes the submission of the faithful to the will of the Almighty. In fact, this is the main element of prayer - a person lowers his most important and highest part of the body (head) to the very bottom (floor/ground). It is necessary that both the forehead and the tip of the nose touch the surface, and that the toes do not leave the floor. In this position the words are pronounced three times "Subhana Rabbial-Aglya"(“Pure is My Lord, Who is Above All”). The worshiper leaves the sujud with the takbir “Allahu Akbar.” At the same time, first he raises his head, then his hands and sits down on left leg. In a sitting position, the hands are placed on the hips so that the fingers touch the knees. The believer remains in this position for several seconds, after which he again bows to the ground according to the algorithm described here.
Exit from sajda in odd rakats is carried out in such a way that first the worshiper lifts his face from the floor, then his hands. The person returns to a vertical position (with the words “Allahu Akbar”), similar to the qiyam of the first rak’ah. Thus, the second rak'ah of prayer begins.
Rakaat No. 2
In qiyam, Surah “Fatihah” is again read first, followed by any other sura or at least three successive verses. However, these must be different from the passages used in the first rak’ah. For example, let’s take Surah “Ikhlas”:
“Kul hu Allahu ahade. Allahu samade. Lam yalide wa lam yulade. Wa lam ya kul lahu kufuan ahade” (112:1-4)
Translation of meaning:“Say: “He is Allah the One, Allah the Self-sufficient. He did not beget and was not begotten, and there is none equal to Him.”
Tashahhud
In the second rak'ah, the Muslim makes bows and bows to the ground, similar to those performed in the first rak'ah. The only difference is that after sujud, the worshiper remains in a sitting position - kuud (in this case, the right foot is positioned perpendicular to the floor, and its toes should be directed towards Qibla, while the left foot lies freely, pressing top part to the floor under the weight of the person praying) and says to himself dua tashahhud:
“At-tahiyatu lillahi was-salauatu uat-tayibat. As-salamu galaikya, ayukhan-nabiyu, wa rahmatullahi wa barakatukh. As-salamu alaina wa ala gyybadillyahis-salihin. Ashkhadu alaya-ilayaha illallahu wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulyukh"
Translation:“Salutations to Allah, prayers and excellent expressions, peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings, peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger.”
The desired action (mustahab) when sitting and reading tashahhud is considered to be raising index finger right hand at the moment of reciting to oneself a fragment of the Shahada about faith in the Almighty (“Ashkhadu alaya-ilayaha illallahu”). On the next sentence (“wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulukh”) you need to lower your finger and return the brush to its original state.
Salavat
Following the tashahhud, if the prayer consists of two rak'ahs (for example, sunnat and fard in morning prayer, sunnat in midday, evening and night prayers), salawat is read. This is actually a prayer for the Final Messenger of God (s.g.v.), consisting of two similar parts:
“Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa salayta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid. Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa barakta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid"
Translation:“O Allah, bless (mention with praise among the angels) Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Worthy of Praise. Glorious! O Allah, send blessings (continue to exalt) on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You did on Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious!”
At the end of the salavat it is read Ayah from Surah Bakara:
“Rabbanya attina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil akhirati hasanatan, wa kyina gazabannar” (2:201)
Translation of meaning:“Our Lord! Grant us goodness in this world and goodness in Last life and protect us from torment in the Fire.”
Salam
Following this, the worshiper, alternately turning his face left and right and looking at his shoulders, says salam:
“As-Salamu halaykum wa rahmatullah”
Translation: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah."
There are many opinions as to who exactly the greeting is addressed to. To sum up the different points of view, this action symbolizes the greeting that the believer makes to other worshipers, angels who record human deeds, and Muslim jinn.
At this point, the prayer, consisting of two rak'ahs, ends. After salam, the worshiper says the word three times "Astagfirullah"(“Forgive me, Lord”) And ends the prayer with dua:
“Allahumma antyas-salamu wa minkyas-salayam, tabaraktya ya-zal-jalyali wal-ikram”
Translation: “O Allah, You are peace, and from You alone comes peace. Give us a blessing."
The person praying pronounces these words with his hands raised at chest level. After that, he lowers his hands, running them over his face.
The reading of the prayer is clearly demonstrated in the video.
Important Features
The parts of prayer that are sunnat are performed in such a way that the believer says all the words to himself. In the fard part things are a little different. Takbir tahrim, the rest of the takbirs when performing ruku and sajdah, salam are pronounced out loud. At the same time, in the fards of morning, evening and night prayers in the first pair of rakats, “Al-Fatiha” and an additional surah (or verses) are also read loudly to the worshipers.
Namaz, consisting of 4 rak'ahs, is performed in almost the same way. The only difference is that in the 2nd rak'ah after tashahhud, the worshiper must stand on the 3rd rak'ah and perform it like the first, and the 4th like the second with salawat, salam and the final dua. It should be noted here that in four-rakah fard prayers, during standing (qiyam) in the 3rd and 4th rak'ahs after Fatiha, not a single short surah is read. Instead, the believer immediately bows from the waist.
A similar procedure for performing namaz is characteristic of all Sunni madhhabs.
Number of rak'ahs, names and times of all five prayers
Morning prayer (Fajr)- two rak'ahs of sunnat and two fard.
Time: from dawn to early sunrise. The hadith of the Final Messenger of God (s.g.w.) states that “if a person manages to perform the first rak’ah of the morning prayer (meaning its fard part) before sunrise, then his prayer is counted” (Bukhari). If the believer is late, then this prayer must be re-read half an hour after the sun rises.
Midday prayer (zuhr, oilya)- four rakats are sunnat, four farda and two sunnat.
Time: from the moment when the celestial body ceases to be at the zenith (zaval), and until the moment when the shadow of the object is larger than itself. There is disagreement in the theological community on the issue of the release of the time for midday prayer. Imam Agzam Abu Hanifa believed that this moment occurs when the shadow of an object is twice its length. However, other Hanafis, as well as representatives of the other three madhhabs, insisted on the position that the time for the Zuhr prayer expires as soon as the shadow becomes larger than the object.
Pre-evening prayer (Asr, Ikende)- four rakats of fard.
Time: from the moment when the shadow of an object is larger than itself, until sunset. There is a special formula for calculating the time of pre-evening prayer, thanks to which you can determine approximately when you should start praying. To do this, you need to know exactly when the celestial body leaves its zenith and at what time sunset occurs. This period is divided into 7 parts, of which 4 are allocated for the time of Zuhr prayer, and 3 for Asr prayer.
Evening prayer (Maghrib, Akhsham)- three rakats of fard and two sunnat.
Time: after sunset and before the evening dawn disappears.
The prayer, which consists of three rak'ahs, is performed in such a way that after the tashahhud of the second rak'ah, the believer rises to the third. Within its framework, he silently recites Surah “Fatiha” and bows from the waist. This is followed by a way out of this situation, bowing to the ground and sitting (kuud), within which the believer reads tashahhud, salavat, a verse from Surah “Bakara”, says greeting (salaam) and completes the prayer.
Night prayer (isha, yastu)- 4 rakats of fard and two sunnat.
Time: from the disappearance of the evening dawn to the beginning of the morning dawn.
Time when it is forbidden to pray
In one of his hadiths, the Mercy of the Worlds, Muhammad (s.g.w.), forbade the reading of prayer (salat):
1) when the sun rises until it rises, i.e. approximately 30 minutes after sunrise;
2) when the celestial body is at its zenith;
3) when the sun sets.
(A hadith with a similar meaning is cited by Bukhari, Muslim, an-Nasai, Ibn Majah).
Note that the sunnat parts of the five obligatory prayers mentioned above belong to the sunnat-muakkadah. These are the voluntary actions that the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) never missed. However, there is a subtype of sunnah that the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.w.) could sometimes miss. In fiqh, such actions are called “sunna ghair muakkada.” Let us list the cases when this sunnah occurs in relation to prayer:
1. Four rak'ahs before, that is, before the fard part of the prayer.
2. Two rakats after the midday (zuhr) prayer, that is, after two rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.
3. Two rakats after the night prayer (isha), that is, after two rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.
4. Two rakats after Friday prayer, that is, after the last four rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of juma prayer.
May your prayer be accepted by Allah!
Procedure for performing the midday prayer
The midday prayer consists of four rak'ahs (cycles). It is done as follows:
1. Having previously fulfilled all the conditions necessary to begin performing prayer, face the revered Kaaba, discarding all extraneous thoughts. Turn your heart and attention to Allah, thinking of His Greatness, mercy and love for His creatures, with the awareness that He is watching over you. In this case, the legs should be shoulder-width apart, the feet should be on the same line, the arms should be lowered, the gaze should be directed to the place where the forehead touches when bowing to the ground.
During the entire prayer, women need to show composure of their body: their legs should be together, their hands should be pressed to the body;
2. Intention.
Starting prayer, Necessarily make the intention in your heart to perform the appropriate prayer. Do this at the same time as saying takbira, that is, the words “Allahu Akbar” for entering prayer. For example: “I intend to perform the obligatory (fard) midday prayer for the sake of Allah.”. That is, you must mentally express your intention to perform namaz, indicate in it that you are performing the obligatory (farz) prayer, and what kind of prayer (morning, midday or afternoon, etc.). It is advisable to indicate in the intention whether this is a timely prayer or a refundable one, as well as the number of rakats. It should be remembered that prayer is performed only for the sake of Allah.
However, before takbir, it is sunnah to first say the intention out loud, and this is done so that it is easier to focus on it mentally.
3. Saying takbir.
Necessarily standing, recite the introductory takbir:
اَللهُ اَكْبَرُ
"Allahu Akbar" (Allah is great). After pronouncing it, you are already in prayer. Takbir and subsequent verbal arcana and prayers should be pronounced so that you yourself can hear the reading, observing, as expected, all the rules of reading and pronouncing the letters without distortion, without adding or subtracting a single letter. All prayers must be read only while exhaling.
When pronouncing takbir, it is recommended to raise your hands so that your thumbs are at the level of your earlobes, your palms are facing forward, and the remaining fingers are slightly bent and also pointing forward.
Women also raise their hands in the same way.
4. Standing.
Necessarily stand while performing ritual prayer, if a person can. In this case, it is recommended to fold your hands below the chest and above the navel so that the right palm is on the wrist of the left hand and holds it.
5. Reading Surah Al-Fatihah(first sura of the Koran).
Necessarily reading Surah Al-Fatihah so that they themselves can hear the reading, observing all the rules of reading (tajweed) and the sequence of verses and pronouncing the letters without distortion. The correct reading of Surah Al-Fatihah must be learned directly from the lips of a competent teacher and this should be done without delay.
If someone cannot recite Surah Al-Fatihah correctly, then he should recite any verses of the Holy Quran whose total number of letters is equivalent to the number of letters in Surah Al-Fatihah (156 letters). If a person knows one or more verses from Surah Al-Fatihah (Basmala is also a verse in Surah Al-Fatihah), he can repeat them so many times to get the same number of letters as in Surah Al-Fatihah " If a person cannot read anything from the Koran, he should read the words of remembrance of Allah (dhikr):
سُبْحانَ اللهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلهِ وَلآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ واَللهُ اَكْبَرُ
“Subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar”
(Allah is pure from all shortcomings, praise and glory be to Allah, there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, Allah is Great).
The worshiper pronounces these words so many times that there are at least the same number of letters as in Surah Al-Fatihah. For example, it is enough to say the words “Allahu Akbar” twenty times. If a person cannot read either Surah Al-Fatihah or anything else from the Koran, cannot read dhikr (for example, a person who has just accepted faith), then he stands silently for as long as it takes a moderate reading of the sura. Al-Fatiha."
آمينَ يا رَبَّ الْعالَمينَ
"Amin, I am Rabbal-'alamin"
(O Allah, Lord of the worlds, fulfill my request!).
It is also advisable to read after Surah Al-Fatihah at least one or three verses from the Koran in the first and second rak'ahs. Before reading Surah Al-Fatihah in the first rak'ah, it is recommended to read the prayer "Iftitah" (see Appendix 5) and then "Isti'az".
6. Bow from the waist(hand‘).
After reading Surah Al-Fatihah Necessarily bow from the waist so that the palms of both hands rest on the cups of your knees. In this case, the elbows are slightly moved to the sides, the back, neck and head are in one straight line. In this position you need to stay in a state of rest. for a while(at least for a time sufficient to pronounce “Subhanallah”). This delay is called "fog". It should be noted that bowing, like all other subsequent actions of prayer, should not be performed for any other purpose than to fulfill an element of prayer. It is recommended that when performing a bow from the waist, raise your hands to ear level in the same way as when entering prayer, and say: “Allahu Akbar.” Also, during a bow, it is advisable to say three times:
سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْعَظيمِ وَبِحَمْدِه
“Subhana Rabbiyal-‘azimi va bihamdihi”
(My Great Lord is above all shortcomings, praise be to Him).
7. Straightening(i'tidal).
Necessarily return after bowing to the starting position “standing” and stay in this position for a while (tumanina). It is recommended that while straightening, raise your hands to ear level, as before, and say:
سَمِعَ اللهُ لِمَنْ حَمِدَهُ
"Sami'Allahu liman hamidah"
(Allah accepts the praises of the one who praises Him), stretching the pronunciation over the entire period of straightening. After you have finally straightened up, it is advisable to say:
رَبَّنا لَكَ الْحَمْدُ
"Rabbana lakal-hamd"
(O our Lord! Praise be to You!).
8. Prostration(sujud).
Then Necessarily bow to the ground, pressing your forehead to the floor (rug). To do this, first kneel down, then lean forward, rest both hands on the floor and touch the floor with your forehead. The floor should touch part of both knees, part of the palms of both hands, bottom part toes (with the fingers pointing towards the Qibla) and part of the forehead (the nose also touches the floor). At the same time, the weight of the head presses on the forehead. Stay in this position for some time, during which it is recommended to say three times:
سُبْحانَ رَبِّيَ الْأَعْلى وَبِحَمْدِه
"Subhana Rabbiyal-a'la wa bihamdihi"
(My Great Lord is above all shortcomings, praise be to Him).
It is also recommended to say “Allahu Akbar” before bowing to the ground. When bowing to the ground, it is desirable that the hands are at shoulder level, the fingers are slightly pressed together and directed towards the Kaaba. For men, it is recommended that when bowing to the ground, the elbows should be moved to the sides and raised from the floor, the stomach should not touch the hips. Women, when bowing to the ground and from the waist, keep their elbows pressed to the body, and when bowing to the ground, the elbows are also raised from the floor, but the stomach touches the hips.
There should be no obstacles between the forehead and the place where it rests, for example, hair, a hat or a scarf, at least part of the forehead should touch the floor directly.
9. Sitting between two prostrations.
Necessarily after bowing to the ground, sit down, straightening your torso, and remain in this position for some time. When rising from a prostration, it is advisable to say “Allahu Akbar.” While in a sitting position, it is recommended to say:
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لي وَارْحَمْني وَاجْبُرْني وَارْفَعْني وَارْزُقْني وَاهْدِني وَعافِني
“Rabbigfir li, warhamni, vajburni, warfa‘ni, warzukni, vahdini, wa‘afini.”
(Oh my Lord! Give me forgiveness, have mercy on me, help me, raise my level, give me food, lead me further along the true path and protect me from illnesses).
When sitting, it is recommended to tuck your left leg under you so that your foot is under your buttocks, while right foot located vertically on the floor and rests on the fingers pointing forward, towards the Qibla, as if bowing to the ground. This way of sitting is called "iftirash". It is recommended to place your hands on your knees while sitting, with your fingers pointing towards the Kaaba.
10. Required execute second prostration. It is performed in the same way as the first one. At the same time, bending down and rising, say takbir. With the performance of the second prostration, the first rak'ah (cycle) of prayer ends.
11. After that Necessarily need to stand up full length to execute second rak'ah. To do this, first take the “sitting on your knees” position, then, resting your hands on the floor, palms down, stand up to your full height and take the “standing” position, as at the beginning of the previous rakah. During the ascent, it is recommended to say “Allahu Akbar”. Repeat after this all points from 5 to 10. This ends the second rak'ah.
12. After the second prostration of the second rak'ah (in prayers consisting of 3 or 4 rak'ahs), it is recommended to sit down and read "Tashahhud"(its other name is “At-Tahiyat”, and after it “Salavat” Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). It is advisable to sit in the “iftirash” position (see point 9). If necessary, you can sit on both crossed feet.
It is recommended to keep both hands on your knees. The fingers of the left hand lie on the left knee and are directed towards the Kaaba, the fingers of the right hand lie on the right knee, except for the index, which rises slightly when pronouncing “Illallah” (in “Tashahhud”) and remains in this position until the end of the sitting. In this case, the gaze from the place where the forehead touches is directed to the rising index finger, even if you cannot see it due to darkness or for another reason. The raised finger is slightly bent, the middle and ring fingers and the little finger of the right hand are slightly clenched into a fist, and thumb lightly pressed against the index finger.
13. Then Necessarily necessary stand up and perform the next two rak'ahs in the same way as described in paragraphs 5 - 11. When getting up on the third rak'ah, it is recommended to raise your hands to ear level, while simultaneously saying “Allahu Akbar.” However, you should not raise your hands before the fourth rak'ah.
14.
After performing the second sajda in the last rakah Necessarily sit down and read “Tashahhud” and “Salavat”. It is recommended to hold your hands as indicated in paragraph 12. The index finger is slightly raised when pronouncing “Illallah” and remains in this position until the end of the prayer. It is recommended to sit on the floor, bending your left leg and putting it under your right leg, which remains in the same position as when bowing to the ground (Fig.9). This way of sitting is called "tawarruk".
However, after “Tashahhud” it is recommended to read “as-Salat al-Ibrahimiya” in full, then it is advisable to say dua. You can also read this famous dua:
اَللّهُمَّ إِنّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذابِ جَهَنَّمَ وَمِنْ عَذابِ الْقَبْرِ وَمِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيا وَالْمَماتِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسيحِ الدَّجّالِ
“Allahumma inni a‘u h u bik min'a h abi jahannama wa min 'a h abil-kabri wa min fitnatil-makhya val-mamati wa min sharri fitnatil-masihi-ddajjali.”
(O Allah! I seek help and salvation from You from the torments of Hell, and from the torments of the grave, from the delusions of life and death and from the evil of the turmoil of the false messiah Dajjal).
15. Final “Salaam”.
Completing the prayer, Necessarily pronounce "As-Salamu 'alaikum", but it is recommended to say:
اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ
“As-Salamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatullah”, turning your head first to the right, then to the left. The midday prayer ends with the recitation of these words.
Procedure for performing afternoon and night prayers
Afternoon and night prayers are performed in the same way as midday prayers. The intention should indicate that the obligatory afternoon (or night) prayer is performed. In the first two rak'ahs of the night prayer, men are recommended to read a short surah out loud after Surah Al-Fatihah. This is also allowed for women if there are no strangers nearby.
Procedure for performing evening namza
The three rak'ahs of the evening prayer are performed in the same way as the first three rak'ahs of the night prayer, but with the intention of performing the obligatory evening prayer. After the second sajda of the third rak'ah, paragraphs 14 and 15.
Procedure for performing morning prayer
The two rakats of the morning prayer are performed in the same way as the first two rakats of the night prayer, but with the intention of performing the obligatory morning prayer.
After the second sajdah of the second rak'ah, perform paragraphs 14 and 15. Also after saying "Rabbana lakal-hamd", straightening up after bowing from the waist (in i'tidal) the second rak'ah, it is recommended to read the dua "Qunut".
"It was narrated by Imams an-Nawawi and Ibn Hibban that one day a certain person came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and asked: “O Messenger of Allah! Truly, I cannot learn to read the Koran. Teach me what will replace reading the Koran.” The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) replied: “Say: subhanallahi, wal-hamdulillahi, wala ilaha illallahu wallahu akbar, wala hawla wala quwwata illya billahil-'aliyil-'azim."
“In another saying, the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “If you can read the Koran, then read it. If not, then read: al-hamdu lillah, la ilaha illallah, Allahu akbar.”
“When reading “Salavat” in “Tashahhud” of obligatory prayers, the word “sallim” is not pronounced. “Tashahhud” is read without this word.”
"Having said “Salaam” and turning your head to the right, it is advisable to mentally greet all believers (humans, angels and jinn) who are on right side from you. Then, in the same way, turn your head to the left and say “Salaam”, while mentally making the intention to greet all believers who are on the left side from you."
Namaz, as is known,- one of the most important pillars of Islam. Through prayer, a servant of Allah worships his Lord through body and spirit.
In the Holy Book of Islam and the Noble Sunnah of the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.a.w.) there are many references to the importance of prayer for believers. Thus, in Surah “Spider” our Creator actually commands us to perform prayer:
“Read what is revealed to you from the Scripture and perform prayer. Indeed, prayer protects from abomination and reprehensible" (29:45)
The practice of Sunni Islam rests on four madhhabs, the presence of which marks the flexibility of the entire religious system. In this material we will tell you how prayer is read by men within the framework of these generally accepted theological and legal schools in Sunnism. Due to the fact that the Hanafi madhhab dominates among Russian-speaking Muslims, video material on the procedure for performing prayer according to this particular theological and legal school will be presented as an illustration.
Let us recall that the mandatory conditions for recognition of prayer as valid are: a person’s confession of Islam and his spiritual fullness, adulthood (from the point of view of Sharia), prayer at a strictly established time for it. (prayer schedule for Russian cities is presented), the presence of taharat, cleanliness of clothing and the place where namaz is performed, observance of the aura (so that private parts are not exposed during prostrations), turning to the Qibla (Kaaba), the person’s intention to read namaz.
Let us describe the step-by-step performance of prayer using a specific example with a video.
The order of reading the prayer
(using the morning example)
This prayer includes two rak'ahs of sunnat and farda. The believer must initially say out loud or silently to himself: intention(niyat) to perform morning prayer. It goes on to say takbir tahrim - "Allahu Akbar!"(“Allah is great!”). This type of takbir indicates the beginning of prayer. After it, a person is prohibited from uttering extraneous words and making movements not directly related to prayer. Otherwise, it will not be considered completed.
It is important to pay attention to how the hands are positioned during takbir tahrim. The Hanafi and Maliki madhhabs affirm the need at the sunnah level for men to raise their hands to the back of their heads and touch their earlobes with their thumbs, while in the Shafi'i and Hanbali schools this is not necessary. After this action it reads dua-sana:
“SubhanakAllahumma wa bihamdika, wa tabarakasmuka, wa taala jadduka, wa la ilaha gairuk”
Translation:“Glory and praise to you, Allah! Your name is pious, Your greatness is above all. And there is no one worthy of worship except You."
Note that within the Shafi'i madhhab used another dua-sana:
“Uadzhyakhtu wajhiya lil-lyaziya fataras-samauaati wal-ard, haniifam-muslima, wa ma ana min al-mushrikin, innas-salati wa nusuki, wa makhyaya, wa mamati lil-lyahi rabbil-'alamin, la sharika lyakh, wa bi zalika umirtu wa ana minal-muslimin"
Translation:“I turn my face to Him who made the heavens and the earth. And I'm not a polytheist. Truly, my prayer and my good behavior, life and death belong only to Allah - the Lord of the worlds, Who has no partner. This is exactly what I was ordered to do, and I am one of the Muslims (who submitted to the Almighty Creator).”
At this moment, according to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, men should place their hands below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand clasp the wrist of the left. In the Shafi'i madhhab, the hands should be above the navel, but below the chest. Malikis usually have their hands down. In the Hanbali madhhab there is no consensus on where exactly to place the hands - below or above the navel. The solution to this issue is left to the discretion of the most devout.
Rakaat No. 1. Standing - kyyam
Following the dua-sana, formulas are read "taauz":“Aguzu bil-Lyahi min ash-shaitan ir-rajim”(“I take refuge in Allah from the [defilement] of the stoned devil”), basmalla:"Bismillayah ir-Rahmaan ir-Rahiim"(“In the name of Allah [I begin the business]”) and "Fatiha". Then any other surah or consecutive Quranic verses (at least three). An example of an additional Qur'anic text that can be chanted in the first rak'ah is Surah Kausar:
“Innaa agtainaa kyal-kyausar. Fasalli li-rabbikya wa-ankhar. Innaa shaa niyakya huwal-abetar" (108:1-3)
Translation of meaning (according to E. Kuliev):“We have given you Abundance (the river in Paradise, which is called al-Kawsar). Therefore perform prayer for the sake of your Lord and slaughter the sacrifice. Truly, your hater will himself be childless.”
The vertical position of the person praying when reading “Fatiha” and other parts of the Koranic text is called “kyyam” (standing).
Bow bow - hand’
Next, the believer makes a bow from the waist (ruku’ or rukug), rests his palms with fingers slightly apart on his kneecaps, as shown in the photo, trying to keep his back straight parallel to the floor, and says to himself three times: "Subhana Rabbial-Gaziym"(“Pure is my Great Lord”). Then you should get out of the “ruku” state into a vertical position with the words: "SamigAllahu li-man hamida"(“Allah hears the one who pronounces praises”). Then the worshiper pronounces the formula to himself: "Rabbana lakal-hamde"(“O our Lord, to You be praise”). When exiting the waist bow, the person’s arms are lowered along the body.
Let us note that in the Shafi'i and Hanbali madhhabs, before starting the bow, a person must raise his hands, as in the case of takbir tahrim among the Hanafis and Malikis. At the same time, for the latter, this movement within prayers with an even number of rakats is uncharacteristic.
Prostration - Sujud
The next element of prayer is sajd (or sajdah) - prostration with the words tabir tahrim. Opinions in different madhhabs differed on how to perform this action. Most Muslim scholars of different schools, relying on the Sunnah of the Grace of the Worlds of Muhammad (s.g.w.), stated that first the knees are lowered to the floor, then the hands and, finally, the head, which is located between the hands. In the Shafi'i madhhab, hands are placed at shoulder level. The tips of the fingers must be kept not torn off the floor and directed towards Kyibla. There is no need to close your eyes in Sujud.
Sajda symbolizes the submission of the faithful to the will of the Almighty. In fact, this is the main element of prayer - a person lowers his most important and highest part of the body (head) to the very bottom (floor/ground). It is necessary that both the forehead and the tip of the nose touch the surface, and that the toes do not leave the floor. In this position the words are pronounced three times "Subhana Rabbial-Aglya"(“Pure is My Lord, Who is Above All”). The worshiper leaves the sujud with the takbir “Allahu Akbar.” At the same time, first he raises his head, then his arms and sits down on his left leg. In a sitting position, the hands are placed on the hips so that the fingers touch the knees. The believer remains in this position for several seconds, after which he again bows to the ground according to the algorithm described here.
Exit from sajda in odd rakats is carried out in such a way that first the worshiper lifts his face from the floor, then his hands. The person returns to a vertical position (with the words “Allahu Akbar”), similar to the qiyam of the first rak’ah. Thus, the second rak'ah of prayer begins.
Rakaat No. 2
In qiyam, Surah “Fatihah” is again read first, followed by any other sura or at least three successive verses. However, these must be different from the passages used in the first rak’ah. For example, let’s take Surah “Ikhlas”:
“Kul hu Allahu ahade. Allahu samade. Lam yalide wa lam yulade. Wa lam ya kul lahu kufuan ahade” (112:1-4)
Translation of meaning:“Say: “He is Allah the One, Allah the Self-sufficient. He did not beget and was not begotten, and there is none equal to Him.”
Tashahhud
In the second rak'ah, the Muslim makes bows and bows to the ground, similar to those performed in the first rak'ah. The only difference is that after Sujud, the worshiper remains in a sitting position - quud (in this case, the right foot is positioned perpendicular to the floor, and its toes should be directed towards Qibla, while the left foot lies freely, pressing its upper part to the floor under the weight of the worshiper) and says to himself dua tashahhud:
“At-tahiyatu lillahi was-salauatu uat-tayibat. As-salamu galaikya, ayukhan-nabiyu, wa rahmatullahi wa barakatukh. As-salamu alaina wa ala gyybadillyahis-salihin. Ashkhadu alaya-ilayaha illallahu wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulyukh"
Translation:“Salutations to Allah, prayers and excellent expressions, peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allah and His blessings, peace be upon us and the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His servant and His messenger.”
A desirable action (mustahab) when sitting and reading tashahhud is considered to be raising the index finger of the right hand while reciting to oneself a fragment of the shahada about faith in the Almighty (“Ashkhadu alaya-ilayaha illallahu”). On the next sentence (“wa ashhadu an-na Muhammadan gabuduhu wa rasulukh”) you need to lower your finger and return the brush to its original state.
Salavat
Following the tashahhud, if the prayer consists of two rak'ahs (for example, sunnat and fard in morning prayer, sunnat in midday, evening and night prayers), salawat is read. This is actually a prayer for the Final Messenger of God (s.g.v.), consisting of two similar parts:
“Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa salayta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid. Allahumma barik ‘ala Muhammadin wa ‘ala ali Muhammad. Kamaa barakta ‘ala Ibrahiima wa ‘ala ali Ibrahiima, in-nakya Hamiyidun Majid"
Translation:“O Allah, bless (mention with praise among the angels) Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Worthy of Praise. Glorious! O Allah, send blessings (continue to exalt) on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You did on Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious!”
At the end of the salavat it is read Ayah from Surah Bakara:
“Rabbanya attina fid-dunya hasanatan wa fil akhirati hasanatan, wa kyina gazabannar” (2:201)
Translation of meaning:“Our Lord! Grant us goodness in this world and goodness in the Hereafter, and protect us from torment in the Fire.”
Salam
Following this, the worshiper, alternately turning his face left and right and looking at his shoulders, says salam:
“As-Salamu halaykum wa rahmatullah”
Translation: "Peace be upon you and the mercy of Allah."
There are many opinions as to who exactly the greeting is addressed to. To sum up the different points of view, this action symbolizes the greeting that the believer makes to other worshipers, angels who record human deeds, and Muslim jinn.
At this point, the prayer, consisting of two rak'ahs, ends. After salam, the worshiper says the word three times "Astagfirullah"(“Forgive me, Lord”) And ends the prayer with dua:
“Allahumma antyas-salamu wa minkyas-salayam, tabaraktya ya-zal-jalyali wal-ikram”
Translation: “O Allah, You are peace, and from You alone comes peace. Give us a blessing."
The person praying pronounces these words with his hands raised at chest level. After that, he lowers his hands, running them over his face.
The reading of the prayer is clearly demonstrated in the video.
Important Features
The parts of prayer that are sunnat are performed in such a way that the believer says all the words to himself. In the fard part things are a little different. Takbir tahrim, the rest of the takbirs when performing ruku and sajdah, salam are pronounced out loud. At the same time, in the fards of morning, evening and night prayers in the first pair of rakats, “Al-Fatiha” and an additional surah (or verses) are also read loudly to the worshipers.
Namaz, consisting of 4 rak'ahs, is performed in almost the same way. The only difference is that in the 2nd rak'ah after tashahhud, the worshiper must stand on the 3rd rak'ah and perform it like the first, and the 4th like the second with salawat, salam and the final dua. It should be noted here that in four-rakah fard prayers, during standing (qiyam) in the 3rd and 4th rak'ahs after Fatiha, not a single short surah is read. Instead, the believer immediately bows from the waist.
A similar procedure for performing namaz is characteristic of all Sunni madhhabs.
Number of rak'ahs, names and times of all five prayers
Morning prayer (Fajr)- two rak'ahs of sunnat and two fard.
Time: from dawn to early sunrise. The hadith of the Final Messenger of God (s.g.w.) states that “if a person manages to perform the first rak’ah of the morning prayer (meaning its fard part) before sunrise, then his prayer is counted” (Bukhari). If the believer is late, then this prayer must be re-read half an hour after the sun rises.
Midday prayer (zuhr, oilya)- four rakats are sunnat, four farda and two sunnat.
Time: from the moment when the celestial body ceases to be at the zenith (zaval), and until the moment when the shadow of the object is larger than itself. There is disagreement in the theological community on the issue of the release of the time for midday prayer. Imam Agzam Abu Hanifa believed that this moment occurs when the shadow of an object is twice its length. However, other Hanafis, as well as representatives of the other three madhhabs, insisted on the position that the time for the Zuhr prayer expires as soon as the shadow becomes larger than the object.
Pre-evening prayer (Asr, Ikende)- four rakats of fard.
Time: from the moment when the shadow of an object is larger than itself, until sunset. There is a special formula for calculating the time of pre-evening prayer, thanks to which you can determine approximately when you should start praying. To do this, you need to know exactly when the celestial body leaves its zenith and at what time sunset occurs. This period is divided into 7 parts, of which 4 are allocated for the time of Zuhr prayer, and 3 for Asr prayer.
Evening prayer (Maghrib, Akhsham)- three rakats of fard and two sunnat.
Time: after sunset and before the evening dawn disappears.
The prayer, which consists of three rak'ahs, is performed in such a way that after the tashahhud of the second rak'ah, the believer rises to the third. Within its framework, he silently recites Surah “Fatiha” and bows from the waist. This is followed by a way out of this situation, bowing to the ground and sitting (kuud), within which the believer reads tashahhud, salavat, a verse from Surah “Bakara”, says greeting (salaam) and completes the prayer.
Night prayer (isha, yastu)- 4 rakats of fard and two sunnat.
Time: from the disappearance of the evening dawn to the beginning of the morning dawn.
Time when it is forbidden to pray
In one of his hadiths, the Mercy of the Worlds, Muhammad (s.g.w.), forbade the reading of prayer (salat):
1) when the sun rises until it rises, i.e. approximately 30 minutes after sunrise;
2) when the celestial body is at its zenith;
3) when the sun sets.
(A hadith with a similar meaning is cited by Bukhari, Muslim, an-Nasai, Ibn Majah).
Note that the sunnat parts of the five obligatory prayers mentioned above belong to the sunnat-muakkadah. These are the voluntary actions that the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) never missed. However, there is a subtype of sunnah that the Final Messenger of the Almighty (s.g.w.) could sometimes miss. In fiqh, such actions are called “sunna ghair muakkada.” Let us list the cases when this sunnah occurs in relation to prayer:
1. Four rak'ahs before, that is, before the fard part of the prayer.
2. Two rakats after the midday (zuhr) prayer, that is, after two rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.
3. Two rakats after the night prayer (isha), that is, after two rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of this prayer.
4. Two rakats after Friday prayer, that is, after the last four rakats of the sunnah-muakkad of juma prayer.
May your prayer be accepted by Allah!
Namaz is an order of Allah Almighty. The Holy Qur'an reminds us of the obligatory nature of prayer more than a hundred times. The Koran and Hadith-i Sharifs say that prayer is obligatory for Muslims who have intelligence and have reached maturity. 17th and 18th verses of sura " Room» « Praise God evening and morning. Praise be to Him in heaven and on earth, at nightfall and at noon" Surah " Bakara"Verse 239" Perform holy prayers, middle prayers"(i.e. do not interrupt prayers). The tafsirs of the Koran say that the verses that talk about remembrance and praise are reminiscent of prayers. In verse 114 of Surah “ Hood“It says: “Perform prayer at the beginning and end of the day and at nightfall, because good deeds drive away evil ones. This is a reminder for those who reflect."
Our Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wassalam) said: “Allah Almighty has made the daily five-fold prayer a fard for his slaves. For correctly performed ablution, ruku (waist bow), and sajdah (prostration), during prayer, Allah Almighty gives forgiveness and bestows enlightenment.”
Five daily prayers include 40 rak'ahs. 17 of them are in the farz category. 3 wajibs. 20 rak'ahs of sunnat.
1- Morning prayer: (Salat-ul Fajr) 4 rak'ahs. The first 2 rak'ahs are sunnah. Then 2 rakats of farz. 2 rak'ahs of the sunnah of morning prayer are very important. There are scholars who say that they are Wajib.
2- Midday prayer. (Salat-ul-zuhr) Consists of 10 rak'ahs. First, 4 rakats of the first sunnah are performed, then 4 rakats of farz, and 2 rakats of sunnah.
3- Pre-evening prayer (Ikindi, salat-ul-Asr). Only 8 rak'ahs. First, 4 rakats of sunnah are performed, after which 4 rakats of farz are performed.
4- Evening prayer (Aksham, salat-ul Maghrib). 5 rak'ahs. The first 3 rak'ahs are fard, then we perform 2 rak'ahs of sunnah.
5- Night prayer (Yatsy, salat-ul Isha). Consists of 13 rak'ahs. First, 4 rak'ahs of sunnah are performed. Followed by 4 rakats of farz. Then 2 rak'ahs of sunnah. And finally, 3 rakats of Witr prayer.
Sunnat for pre-evening and night prayers from the category Gair-i muakkada. This means: at the first seat, after Attahiyata, read Allahumma sally, Allahumma barik and all duas. Then we get up on the third rak'ah and read "Subhanaka..." The first sunnah of the midday prayer is “ Muakkada". Or a strong sunnah, for which a lot of thawab is given. It is read in the same way as farzas; in the first sitting, immediately after reading the attahiyat, you need to get up to begin the third rak'ah. Having risen to our feet, we continue the prayer, starting with bismillah and al-Fatiha.
For example, the sunnets of the morning prayer read like this:
1 - Accept intention (Niyet)
2 - Introductory (Iftitah) takbir
First you need to face the Qibla. The feet are parallel to each other, four fingers wide between them. Thumbs hands touch the earlobes, palms look at the Qibla. Pass through the heart “I intend, for the sake of Allah, to perform 2 rakats of the sunnah of today’s morning prayer, towards the Qibla.” Saying (whispering) "Allahu Akbar" lower your palms and place your right palm on your left palm, your hands should be located below your navel.
The little finger and thumb of the right hand clasp the wrist.
3 – Standing (Qiyam) in prayer
Without taking your eyes off the place where the forehead is applied during sajda, a) read "Subhanaka..", b) after “auzu.., bismillya..” read Fatiha, c) after Fatihi, without bismillah, a short surah (zamm-i surah) is read, for example surah "Fil."
4 – RUKU’U
d) After zamm-i sur, saying “ Allahu Akbar"make a ruku'u. Palms clasp kneecaps, keep your back flat and parallel to the ground, eyes should look at the tips of your toes. Say three times " Subhana Rabbiyal Azyym" Pronounced five or seven times.
5 – Kauma.
Stand up with words "Sami'Allahu liman hamidah', eyes look at the place of sajda. When fully erect, say “Rabbana lakal hamd.” "kauma".
5 – Prostration (sujud)
"Allahu Akbar." "Subhana Rabbiyal a'la'.
6 – With words "Allahu Akbar" move to the “sitting” position, with the buttocks resting on the left leg, fingers right leg remain in place and look at the Qibla, and feet are placed vertically. Palms rest on hips, fingers in a free position. (Sitting between sujuds is called "jalse")
7 – "To Allah Akbar", go to the second sujud.
8 – Say it at least three times in Sujudah "Subhana Rabbiyal-a'la" and with words "Allahu Akbar" stand on your feet. When standing up, do not push off the ground or move your legs. First, the forehead is removed from the floor, then the nose, first the left, then the right arms, then the left knee is removed, then the right.
9 – Standing on your feet after bismillah, the Fatiha is read, then the zam-i sura. After s "Allahu Akbar" Ruku'u is performed.
Stand up with words "Sami'Allahu liman hamidah', eyes look at the place of sajda, trouser legs do not pull up. When fully erect, say “Rabbana lakal hamd.” The standing after this is called "kauma".
Without stopping on your feet, go to sujud with words "Allahu Akbar." At the same time, in order, place a) the right knee, then the left, the right palm, then the left, then the nose and forehead. b) The toes are bent towards the Qibla. c) The head is placed between the hands. d) The fingers clench. e) Palms pressed to the ground. Forearms do not touch the ground. f) In this position, pronounce at least three times "Subhana Rabbiyal a'la'.
With words "Allahu Akbar" tuck your left leg under you, the toes of your right foot remain in place and look at the Qibla, and your feet are placed vertically. Palms rest on hips, fingers in a free position.
After a short sitting with words "To Allah Akbar", go to the second sujud.
Tahiyyat (Tashahhud)
After the second sajda, the second rak'ah without getting up:
Read a) “Attahiyat”, “Allahumma barik..” And "Rabbana atina.."
Afterwards the greeting (salaam) is given first to the right "Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah" then left “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah”
b) After salam, it is pronounced “Allahumma antassalam wa minkassalam tabarakta ya zal-jalali wal-ikram”. Next, you need to get up and, without uttering words, begin the obligatory (fard) morning prayer (salat-ul-fajr). Because conversations between the sunnah and the farz, although they do not violate the prayer, but reduce the number of thawabs.
The obligatory (fard) two rakats of morning prayer are also performed. This time you will need to make an intention for two rakats of morning prayer: “I intend, for the sake of Allah, to perform 2 rakats of today’s morning prayer, which is obligatory for me, towards the Qibla.”
After prayer, say three times "Astagfirullah" then read "Ayatul-Kursi"(255 verse of sura " Bakara"), then read 33 tasbih ( Subhanallah), 33 times tahmid ( Alhamdulillah), 33 times takbir ( Allahu Akbar). Then read “La ilaha illalah wahdahu la sharikalyah, lahalul mulku wa lahalul hamdu wa hua ala kulli shayin kadir”. All this is said quietly. Say them loudly bid'at.
Afterwards a dua is made. To do this, men extend their arms to chest level; their arms should not be bent at the elbows. Just as the Qibla for prayer is the Ka'bah, for dua the Qibla is the sky. After the dua the verse is read "Subhanarabbika.." and palms are passed over the face.
In four rak'ahs of sunnat or farzah, you need to get up after the second rak'ah after reading "Attahiyyat". In the sunnah prayer, in the third and fourth rak'ahs, the zam-i sura is read after the Fatiha. In obligatory (fard) prayers, the zam-i surah is not recited in the third and fourth rakats. It also reads "Maghreb" namaz, in the third rak'ah the zamm-i surah is not recited.
In Uitr prayer, in all three rakats after Fatiha, the zamm-i surah is read. Then the takbir is pronounced, and the hands are raised to the level of the ears, and placed back below the navel, then the dua is read "Kunut."
In the sunnat, those who are gayri muakkada (the sunnah of asr and the first sunnah of ishaa prayers) in the first sitting after the Attahiyat also read "Allahumma sally.." And "..barik.."