What can be sold on p2p platforms. In the same boat: how p2p lending platforms cooperate with banks. Investor requirements

New players have appeared on the Russian financial market - P2P lending platforms. What kind of tool is this and how to work with it correctly in order to reduce risks and increase investment returns, said Maxim Tarasenko, founder of the P2P business lending platform Nimfamoney.

P2P stands for peer-to-peer or person-to-person, so P2P lending can be another name for peer-to-peer lending. The P2P lending platform is a financial and technological service with the help of which one individuals(investors) can provide loans to other individuals or legal entities (borrowers) without intermediaries. The lender is not a bank or credit organization, but ordinary people.

P2P lending appeared in 2005, and the first in this market was the British company Zopa (Zone of Possible Agreement). Following this, in 2006, P2P lending companies appeared in the United States. Pioneers American market P2P: Lending Club and Prosper.

Why is it beneficial for borrowers (businesses and individuals) to use P2P lending platforms:

● High speed. You can receive your money within 1–10 days.

● Large amounts. The borrower himself determines the amount needed.

● Safety. The issuance or refusal of a loan does not affect your credit history. On some P2P lending platforms, a good borrowing history allows you to get a lower interest rate, find investors faster, and receive larger amounts.

There are also benefits for investors:

● Availability. You can invest from 1000 rubles.

● High profitability. From 15 to 50% per annum.

● Transparency. Some platforms provide open data about borrowers.

In Russia, investing through P2P lending platforms may become relevant and in demand in the next 3–5 years. To work with new financial instrument That's right, adopt 11 principles of profitable investing.

1. Diversify: diversify your investments. By investing in different companies, you minimize risks.

2. Explore: Do thorough research on the companies you want to provide loans to. Use open sources and borrower data provided by P2P platforms.

3. Reinvest: money has to work, so invest money in new loans manually or automatically (if the P2P platform has such a function).

4. Plan: Be prepared for limited liquidity.

5. Rate: Consider your investments over a period of more than 36 months. Practice shows that with the repayment of loans for more long term, problems arise more often.

6 Consider: investments of more than $15,000 entail greater risks, so invest smaller amounts in more companies.

7. Check: Carefully study the data that the P2P lending platform provides. Check reports received from borrowers.

8. Experiment: invest money not only in different businesses, but also through different platforms. This will allow you to invest in companies that are listed on platform B and not on platform A. Also, different platforms may have different interest rates.

9. Take risks: add some risky loans to your investment portfolio. The bulk of your portfolio will provide you with stable income, while risky investments can provide significant gains.

10. Develop: Dive into learning about investing through P2P lending platforms. Read articles, watch videos, take advantage of every learning opportunity. Thanks to this you will increase financial literacy and better understand the principles of investing.

11. Get started: invest a small amount without delay. This way, you will gain experience with P2P lending platforms and also understand the mechanics of the platforms before investing large sums.

Sponsored material

Today, the financial sector is at one of the most ambitious stages of technological evolution. Here we are talking mainly about banks and fintech startups, where the development trend is moving away from positioning them as places where people come to get money, towards their retraining as providers of most of the necessary financial services. Thus, we can talk about a paradigm shift in banking.

There is more and more talk about banking without intermediary banks. And today it is no longer the complexities of the economy that serve as a real threat to the existence of banks, but a financial supermarket in a smartphone, which is built using modern technologies, has a mobile wallet for receiving and sending payments and is a marketplace or P2P platform where you can borrow money.

Sharing the opinion that banking services will soon become the primary raw material for products and services created by other companies - and is a similar supermarket, a kind of ecosystem in your desktop or smartphone for financial products and services.

About the projectNebeus

Nebeus is a cryptocurrency platform for P2P banking services, which combines the capabilities of cryptocurrency and standard banking services. It allows customers to purchase, sell, store, transfer, lend and borrow funds in cryptocurrency.

Nebeus – finished product

Development of the platform began back in 2014. Nebeus is now an internationally successful company with offices in London and Barcelona, ​​which has grown into a successful lending and trading platform with a multi-cryptocurrency wallet. The platform and its services are already highly rated by rating agencies. Over the past three years, a wide range of core services have been developed without compromising security, AML and KYC procedures in the Nebeus business model. The platform has many personalized solutions for both physical and legal entities. This is your own wallet, which allows you to make various payments and carry out the entire range of cryptocurrency operations, and a trading platform with the possibility of P2P trading and the purchase and sale of various cryptocurrencies, and Nebeus P2P loans in cryptocurrency, and many other useful functions that you can learn more about find out by studying the project Whitepaper. You can use Nebeus services using a desktop or mobile application, which can be downloaded from App Store and Google Play.

The intention of the platform creators

The developers strive to create an open ecosystem that will simplify the consumption and production of financial products and services based on blockchain technology and smart contracts in a secure, transparent and convenient environment. Using the Nebeus API, SDK and smart contract library will allow developers of third-party financial products and services to create value-added solutions within the platform. The Nebeus team is aimed at developing a convenient customer service with low-cost and highly efficient business processes that meet the requirements and challenges of the constantly evolving cryptocurrency market.

NebeusICO

To achieve the above goals, the ICO mechanism was chosen. With the help of funds raised from pre-ICO and ICO, Nebeus is going to take its platform to a new level. The creators of the project plan to use most of the funds received to launch development and conduct a PR campaign. More details about Nebeus’s future plans for using raised funds can be found in the Project Roadmap.

The pre-sale of NBTK tokens began on October 9, 2017 and will last until November 2, 2017. At this stage, Nebeus is going to sell 3,000,000 NBTK tokens for a total amount of $1,500,000. During this period, Nebeus tokens are offered at a 50% discount at 1 NBTK = 0.5 USD. This offer is only valid during the token pre-sale. Next, the ICO will start, where tokens will be sold at 2 times more expensive - at a price of 1 NBTK = 1 USD. Let us clarify that already in the first week of the pre-ICO, the project successfully raised more than $120 thousand, selling about 233 thousand tokens. The ICO will begin on November 3, 2017, and will end on December 31, 2017, during which it is planned to sell 50,000,000 NBTK tokens.

Using tokensNBTK in the future

The project team offers buyers of NBTK tokens additional opportunities to reduce risks and increase profitability, namely: exchange for company shares; trading tokens on at least three exchanges, including the Nebeus platform; use of NBTK as collateral for loans on the Nebeus platform; receiving a 20% share of net profit from Nebeus activities; payment for Nebeus platform services (tokens used for this will be destroyed).

Participant protectionNebeusICO

NBTK tokens are based on the ERC20 standard. In addition, funds raised during the ICO are stored in ESCROW - escrow. Also, ICO participants are protected by a multi-signature wallet, and competent consultants guarantee transparency and global coverage. Tokens for founders are non-transferable at the end of the ICO and are locked for 12 months by a smart contract.

Additional information about Nebeus, the ongoing pre-ICO and the planned ICO, can be found on, where the project Whitepaper and other documents are presented, as well as on the company’s pages on all popular social networks.

The term “p2p lending” was introduced 12 years ago, and one of the pioneers of online lending was the English company Zopa. Today, p2p lending is most developed in America and the UK: the most reputable platforms operate there, which annually amount to millions of dollars.

In Russia, the most famous p2p platforms are Vdolg.ru and Fingooroo. Their performance differs significantly from the achievements of foreign analogue companies. This is largely due to the peculiarities of the Russian lending system, mainly the work of credit bureaus. So far, only a small part of people really understand what online p2p loans are and where to get them.

What is a p2p loan?

P2p lending is a service provided not by a lending institution, but by a group of individuals or institutional investors. P2p loans include loans for consumers and commercial organizations, mortgages, etc.

P2p platforms perform exclusively the role of an intermediary: they bring together lenders and borrowers, but they are not exposed to any financial risks. All loans are issued only at the expense of the lenders.

Main functions of the service:

• assessment of borrowers' solvency;
• services for collection of overdue debts.

The main difference between p2p lending and bank loans is the cost of services. The borrower is charged no more than 5% of the loan amount, and the lender – only 1% per annum. If you compare the cost of online p2p loans with a bank loan, it becomes obvious: the platform allows you to save at least twice as much on interest.

What kind of loan can you get through a p2p platform?

The largest p2p platforms, such as Lending Club, Prosper and Zopa, specialize mainly in consumer loans. However, their capabilities are not limited to this. Recently, other types of lending have become popular in p2p.

• Business loans – allow you to get from $50,000 to $500,000 for a long period of time. There are also programs that operate like a “business credit card”: the company is given a certain limit of borrowed funds, which it can repay at any time, paying interest only for the period of actual use of the money. Large platforms offering these services are Funding Circle, Biz2Credit, Kabbage.
• In the United States, a major industry has emerged and is actively developing: education loan refinancing. The popularity of such a business has every reason. Regardless of which university a person studies at, he can always count on an educational loan from the state. The rates are the same for all students, and it is clear that a student at a prestigious university has a very small risk of default. Therefore, students at leading universities have the opportunity to refinance debt incurred under a loan issued for educational needs. The most favorable rate is offered.
• Refinancing of accounts receivable is another developing and necessary area for the market. For small companies it provides an opportunity to use your working capital more intelligently. The main participants are MarketInvoice and BlueVine.
• Secured loans commercial real estate– a promising direction that today occupies a strong position in the p2p market. A clear leader has not yet been identified in this industry, but contenders for this place include Realty Mogul, Realty Shares and others.
• Home equity mortgages are a large and promising area. Now this market is strictly regulated, but still several little-known services have already made significant progress in this area.
• Other options, in particular, lending with a guarantee, which allows you to reduce the interest rate if you have a guarantor or a positive recommendation. The leader in this industry is Vouch.

P2p lending is a method of implementation financial transactions, in which , and the creditor is an individual.

The abbreviation p2p stands for peer-to-peer, which literally translates as “equal to equal.” Another decoding option is Person-to-Person, that is, “from person to person.” The term can be written in both Latin and Cyrillic (р2р).

How does p2p work?

Peer-to-peer lending platforms are online exchanges. A person registers with them as a borrower or lender, after which he can take or issue loans.

The exchange is not a lender, but it plays important role, acting as an intermediary in transactions and checking the reliability and solvency of borrowers.

The lenders are individuals and groups of individuals, as well as investment organizations.

Despite the apparent simplicity of operations, the p2p service involves studying borrowers and forming a trust rating in order to reduce investor risks.

The relationship between lender and borrower is strengthened in a contractual format. The agreement has legal force and can be used as evidence in legal proceedings. But the case rarely comes to court.

The attractiveness of the peer-to-peer lending system is that it is beneficial for both parties. , and the borrower gets the opportunity to quickly borrow small amounts of money for a short period of time, undergoing a less stringent check of his reliability.

Help: most p2p platforms require not only passport data during registration, but also details of SNILS, INN and other documents.

Foreign and domestic practice

The first peer-to-peer organizations appeared in the mid-2000s. Among them are such exchanges as Zopa, Prosper, Lending Club. At first, they did not have reliable mechanisms to verify the reliability of clients, which contributed to the increase in interest rates. The loan terms were long (from 3 years or more), this reduced them and repelled many investors.

Over time, exchanges have lowered minimum loan terms and streamlined loan documentation processes. Lenders were able to scrutinize a loan before financing it, and requirements for borrowers became more stringent. This made financial p2p lending schemes more transparent.

By the early 2010s, peer-to-peer organizations acted as intermediaries in wide range transactions: from consumer microcredit to large and long-term business loans.

In Russia, websites providing similar services began to appear in the period 2011-2012. The pioneer in this area was the site vdolg.ru. Subsequently, other platforms appeared.

A characteristic feature of the Russian p2p system is emphasis on microcredit. The population is still distrustful of carrying out large financial transactions via the Internet, trusting them to banking agents.

But it is not entirely appropriate to identify peer-to-peer platforms and microcredit organizations. Compared to microfinance organizations, p2p sites exercise stricter control and screening of potential borrowers.

In Russian realities, peer-to-peer lending is considered an intermediate link between such investment methods as bank deposits, forex, binary options, etc. If the interest on the deposit is small, but accrued with a 100% guarantee, then profits from forex and options can be huge, but it is not excluded and the risk of investment burnout. In such realities, p2p offers the investor good percentage of profit with moderate risks.

Risks and Disadvantages

Peer-to-peer lending carries certain risks:

• Because contact between the lender and the borrower takes place only via the Internet, it is easier for the latter to escape with the money received and not return it.
• Although exchanges check users for reliability, their degree of control is not as great as in banks. Citizens with a negative credit history are often allowed to register.
• Automated verification and rating systems are easy to deceive by an experienced fraudster. Falsification of documents, fake accounts and other methods can come into play.
• Fraudsters use this scheme to make money: the user takes out and promptly repays several inexpensive loans, this allows him to receive a high rating, with the help of which he receives expensive loans on favorable terms and does not repay them. Exchanges are trying to combat this scheme in different ways.
• Many sites are open not with bank transfers, but with electronic money, the circulation of which is not so strictly regulated and protected.

Large financial pyramids were organized under the guise of p2p. The most famous pyramid called Webtransfer-finance, it operated in the period 2013-2015. The scammers promised investors profits of up to 3% per day, but in reality no loans were issued, and the promised interest was accrued from the deposits of new users. In mid-2015, payments stopped, leaving most investors with nothing.

Borrowers may also face certain problems:

• A low level of trust in users leads to the fact that, with a low rating, the interest rate can be significant.
• Exchanges cooperate with collection organizations, which results in problems when payments are late.

P2p sites are represented by the following domestic and foreign sites:

1. Fingooroo. Each borrower on the site has his own p2p lending credit rating, assigned based on the completed data and timeliness of loan repayment. Loans with relatively high interest rates are available immediately after registration. The average return for investors is 20% per annum, but the exchange does not try to minimize their risks, which may reduce expected earnings.
2. BTCJAM. An English-language exchange that acts as an intermediary in transactions with bitcoins. Users of the site can take out loans for education, business, medical expenses, debt refinancing and other purposes. The exchange attracts investors with the opportunity detailed analysis borrower's data before giving him money.
3. WithoutBank. A classic platform that has a detailed credit history bureau. The lender can send a request to it and receive information about the user’s reliability. Despite this, the site has one of the highest percentages of non-repayment of debts among other sites (20-25%). The exchange is well suited for household microcredit: the average loan amount is only 7 thousand rubles.
4. City of Money. The site is positioned as a platform for profitable business lending. Here money is given out for startups and other entrepreneurial endeavors, and collateral lending is practiced on the exchange. Investors do not directly fund specific users; instead, they invest in multiple projects, reducing their risk. This system allows almost anyone to invest money; the minimum starting capital for investment is 10,000 rubles. City of Money has the lowest non-refund rate among similar sites (only 4%).
5. Credit exchange. The platform is convenient because to receive a loan, you only need a personal certificate, which is also used to use other services of the payment system. But this advantage also carries risks: checking users only through the internal mechanisms of the Webmoney system gives fraudsters scope for fraud.
6. SimZirok. Ukrainian exchange that uses the auction method for setting the loan rate.
7. CredBerry. The founders of the site implemented a combined approach to calculating a credit rating: not only relationships with banks are taken into account, but also profile data on social networks. networks, recommendations from friends and acquaintances, results of special tests.

Help: there are exchanges that operate in a format similar to p2p: they provide loans via the Internet, but investors are large organizations, not individuals. Such platforms include Milli, MoneyMan, etc.

There are other sites for investors, but they are not as well known as the ones mentioned above.

Information technologies open up opportunities for the formation of new non-banking financial institutions, new financial services and new methods of providing these services. What was considered unthinkable yesterday is becoming commonplace today. Banks have a hard time: on the one hand, they manage in cash their clients and are obliged to carefully weigh the risks and terms of provision financial resources on loan. On the other hand, when it comes to microfinance, traditional banking products turn out to be too cumbersome and inconvenient - then bank clients begin to look for alternatives. In this sense, it was only a matter of time before P2P collaborative lending platforms emerged, and such platforms are indeed becoming larger.

The ability of lenders and borrowers to negotiate directly with each other, establishing acceptable risk-return ratios, began to be ensured by platform automation tools. Such services are now in great demand: there is no need to collect a large set of documents and go to the bank, because the services work through remote channels; no need to open an additional account - you can use open accounts in servicing banks; services respond very quickly to the requests and needs of their clients. And finally, P2P platforms allow you to receive loans without collateral, which is extremely important for the small and micro business segment. Integration of banks withP2 P-platformsVSown developments P2P platforms are reducing costs and capturing greater market share. Numerous attempts by banks to build an effective process for lending to small businesses have ended in failure. This market segment still attracts banks, but requires too high costs associated with the technological features of the application processing process. Small businesses, unlike large ones, are too diverse, too obscure, and require too much effort to learn for “packaged products” to produce results. As a result, small business lending did not show the expected rate of return, or the risk assessment criteria were so drawn out that the product simply did not find its client. P2P lending platforms are in a more advantageous position compared to banks due to the lack of strict regulatory requirements. They can offer end-user solutions in customer sectors that banks often neglect. The main task that the creators of P2P platforms solve is to minimize the costs associated with attracting customers. But P2P platforms appeared in Russia recently and have not yet received sufficient popularity among Russian consumers. Therefore, any P2P platform will be forced to put much more effort into attracting a client than a classic bank spends. possible ways I would highlight the following areas of interaction between classic banks and P2P platforms:

1. Agent model of interaction. The bank acts as an agent that brings clients. They are denied financing according to the standards and conditions of the bank’s lending program, but they can receive financing under the terms of the P2P platform product. The bank receives additional commissions with minimal costs for servicing clients and without financing risks. The P2P operator receives clients without significant acquisition costs, limiting itself to paying the bank a commission. All transaction income for servicing the client also remains on the Bank’s side.
2. Co-branding program. The bank acts not only as a supplier to clients - potential borrowers, but also disseminates information about the possibility of placing available funds among client-lenders. To do this, the bank will need to accredit the risk model of a P2P operator due to the emergence of certain reputational risks for the bank.
3. Co-financing. The bank allocates a certain amount of available funds and acts as a lender in projects financed by the P2P platform.

• Availability of a risk assessment model that is understandable and acceptable to banks. The more reliable and field-tested the model is used to evaluate P2P platform borrowers, the higher the likelihood of successful interaction with banks after passing the model/platform accreditation procedure.
• Availability of an IT platform with the necessary level of automation. The more advanced and functionally complete the platform is used by the P2P operator, the easier it can be integrated into the banking IT environment, especially taking into account the requirements of business scalability. The issue of the possibility of increasing the productivity of the IT system while increasing the volume of transactions is considered by banks as one of the key ones.
• Experience and professionalism of the P2P platform team.