Allergic conjunctivitis in a child drops. Allergic conjunctivitis in a child: symptoms and treatment. Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis

In the last decade there has been a noticeable increase in the frequency various forms allergies in children, including allergic inflammation mucous membrane of the eyes (conjunctiva). may be year-round, seasonal, or associated with exposure to irritants and allergens. But, regardless of its type, the symptoms of conjunctivitis (tearing or dry eyes, burning, pain, itching, redness) cause children a lot of suffering and require treatment, including eliminating the allergen, preventing further contact with the allergen and prescribing medications.

For the drug treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, two groups of drugs are used: drugs general action and local dosage forms(eye drops and ointments).

General drugs

Of the general drugs used in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis, ketotifen and antihistamines of the first, second and third generations are used.

Ketotifen(zaditen, ketasma, ketof) in the form of syrup for oral administration (allowed from 6 months) and tablets (from 6 years) is used to eliminate and prevent itching caused by allergic conjunctivitis. Ketotifen is contraindicated in hypersensitivity to him. From side effects The drug often causes drowsiness and a feeling of fatigue, dry mouth, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Allergic reactions, anxiety and seizures are less common (especially in children early age), urinary disorders.

From antihistamines in pediatric practice the following are most often prescribed:

• suprastin (tablets);
• Claritin (Clarisens, loratadine) – in syrup and tablets;
• zyrtec (zodak) – in drops, syrup and tablets;
• Erius - syrup and tablets.

Antihistamines are prescribed for any type of allergic conjunctivitis and can eliminate or reduce the severity of symptoms such as swelling of the eyelids, itching and lacrimation. But they are more often used not for isolated allergic conjunctivitis, but for other allergic diseases (,), accompanied by the addition of symptoms of conjunctivitis. In children of the first year of life, Suprastin (from a month, has a calming and hypnotic side effect) and Zyrtec (from six months) are used; in children older than one year, you can also use Erius and Claritin in syrup. For children over 6 years of age, it is more convenient to use tablets.

Local medicines

For topical use as eye drops, gels and ointments are used:

1. Artificial tears.
2. Decognestants.
3. Mast cell membrane stabilizers.
4. Drugs with multilateral action.
5. Vitamin-containing and nutritional drops.
6. Antibiotics.
7. Combined drugs.

Artificial tears

Artificial tear preparations include:

• eye drops (Lacrisin, Systane, Oftagel, natural tear, Visine pure tear);
• eye gel (vidisik).

Preparations in this group are aqueous solutions of biologically inert polymers, which, after instillation, form a film on the surface of the eye. This film is formed not only by the drug, but also by elements of its own tears, which are held by the polymer. Artificial tears have increased viscosity, due to which they do not drain immediately after instillation, but cover the cornea and conjunctiva for some time (up to 45 minutes after instillation), protecting the eye from contact with the allergen and moisturizing it.

Artificial tears relieve or eliminate symptoms such as:

• photophobia;
• burning;
• dry eyes;
• hyperemia;
• lacrimation;
• feeling of a foreign body.

In addition, they relieve the irritating effects of other eye drops, and some of them are able to accelerate epithelization (healing) of the superficial tissues of the eye - with microdefects, erosions and trophic changes cornea. The effect of artificial tears develops within 3-5 days from the start of use.

In children, the drug Lakrisin is officially approved and optimal for use, having all the positive qualities of artificial tears and devoid of such disadvantages as disruption of the stability of the tear film and blurred vision during the immediate period after instillation. Systane eye drops and Vidisic eye gel have a similar effect.

Other drugs used:

• ophtagel (causes blurred vision within 1-5 minutes after instillation);
• natural tear;
• Visine is a pure tear.

But these drugs, unlike lacrisin, contain benzagesonium chloride, which disrupts the stability of the tear film and is therefore not recommended for children who wear soft contact lenses.

Contraindications to the use of artificial tears are individual intolerance reactions. Side effects may include eye irritation, discomfort, and blurred vision.

Decognestants

Decognestants include eye drops:

• tetrahydrozoline (visine);
• oxymetazoline (ocuclia, afrin).

Decognestants, or vasoconstrictors, are drugs that cause narrowing blood vessels, as a result of which symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis such as red eyes and swelling of the eyelids are relieved, burning, itching and lacrimation are reduced. Topical vasoconstrictors have strict age restrictions and restrictions on dosage and frequency of administration. Drugs in this group cannot be used in children under 6 years of age; they are prescribed 2-4 times a day for 5-7, maximum 10 days.

In children under 6 years of age, vasoconstrictors can be prescribed under certain conditions, but only with caution and under close supervision by a doctor. And, since vasoconstrictors only relieve individual allergy symptoms, but do not affect histamine and other active substances of allergic inflammation, drugs with a vasoconstrictor effect are prescribed in combination with general and (or) local antihistamines.

Of the vasoconstrictors, oxymetazoline (ocuclia) produces the fastest and most lasting effect.

Side effects of vasoconstrictors:

• the possibility of developing a rebound effect (increased allergy symptoms with prolonged use);
• promotion intraocular pressure;
• mydriasis (pupil dilation);
• increased excitability;
• nausea;
• dizziness;
• sleep disorders;
• heartbeat.

Antihistamines

The following antihistamines are available for topical use in the form of eye drops:

• levocabastine;
• azelastine.

Local antihistamines are one of the most effective medications for the treatment of seasonal and year-round allergic rhinitis. Eye drops containing antihistamines have a pronounced positive effect, significantly suppressing or completely eliminating all manifestations of allergic conjunctivitis (swelling, redness, itching, burning, dryness, lacrimation, etc.). The drops relieve itching very well (in more than 90% of patients), so for conjunctivitis accompanied severe itching, their appointment is mandatory. In addition, eye drops reduce the severity of symptoms of allergic rhinitis, since the drug, after instillation through the lacrimal canal, also enters the nasal cavity.

Unlike antihistamines systemic action (tablets and syrups), eye drops are free of unwanted side effects (drowsiness, etc.). The effect of the drug develops 3-5 minutes after instillation and lasts up to 10 hours.

A contraindication to the use of drops with antihistamines is only individual intolerance components of the drug and age restrictions (levocabastine - from 2 years, possibly earlier if prescribed by a doctor; azelastine - from 4 years). Side effects rarely include a transient burning sensation.

Mast cell membrane stabilizers

Mast cell membrane stabilizers, along with topical antihistamines, are the most popular drugs for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. In pediatrics they are used:

• sodium cromoglycate (opticrom, highcrom, lecrolin);
• cromohexal;
• boatsamide (alomide).

Medicinal substances prevent the release of mediators (biologically active substances responsible for allergy manifestations) from mast cells. The effect of using membrane stabilizers in the form of eliminating or reducing the main symptoms of conjunctivitis develops gradually (within 3-4 days), but lasts longer than the effect of antihistamines.

Side effects of membrane stabilizers in the form of eye drops may include hypersensitivity (redness of the eyes, swelling, burning and sensation of a foreign body in the eyes). The development of hypersensitivity reactions requires immediate discontinuation of the drug and is a contraindication for its further use. The use of membrane stabilizers is also limited to age-related indications: sodium cromoglycate and cromogesal preparations are not recommended for use in children under 4 years of age, lodoksamide is allowed from 2 years of age. Some drops of the same trade name, but from different manufacturers, may contain benzalkonium chloride as a preservative: such preparations cannot be instilled while wearing soft contact lenses.

Drugs with multilateral action

For allergic conjunctivitis, drops are used containing a drug with a multilateral effect - antiallergic (antihistamine), membrane stabilizing, anti-inflammatory:

• azelastine (allergodil);
• undercromed;
• olopatadine (opatanol and pathanol)
• cyclosporine A.

Allergodil blocks H-1 and H-2 histamine receptors, inhibits the degranulation of mast cells and the release of inflammatory mediators from them. The maximum effect develops after 5 days of use. Not recommended for children under 4 years of age. Contraindicated in case of individual hypersensitivity.

Nedocromil used primarily to treat itching associated with allergic conjunctivitis. Allowed from 2 years. Side effects are rare (swelling, irritation). Contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity.

Olopatadine– is the leader in frequency of use for allergic eye diseases. It has an immediate effect immediately after instillation, lasting for 8 hours. Allowed from 3 years. Occasionally, the use of olopatadine may be accompanied by a slight burning sensation.

Cyclosporine A gives a positive effect in the treatment of severe allergic eye diseases (vernal keratoconjunctivitis and atopic keratoconjunctivitis). It is also used in cases where allergic eye damage does not respond to any other therapy. The drug is contraindicated in the presence of hypersensitivity to it; in case of accession bacterial infection(purulent conjunctivitis); in case of impaired renal or liver function; with arterial hypertension. May give heavy side effects(tremor, weakness, headache, negative impact on the kidneys, increase blood pressure etc.).

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs are not among the main antiallergic drugs and are not always used. However, they are able to eliminate itching and pain in the eyes caused by allergies and reduce swelling. In pediatrics, they are not officially approved due to insufficient knowledge of the effects on the child’s body, but are still used - mainly for complex treatment severe spring keratoconjunctivitis. According to individual indications, the ophthalmologist may prescribe diclofenac sodium in the form of eye drops (naklof) to the child.

Side effects: burning sensation, itching, redness, blurred vision after instillation; with prolonged use, the formation of corneal ulcers is possible. Naklof is contraindicated in the presence of hypersensitivity to diclofenac and aspirin.

Corticosteroids

Topical corticosteroids are very effective in treating allergic diseases. They have high anti-inflammatory activity, but are not the first-line drugs in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis due to side effects(increased intraocular pressure, infection). In children, topical corticosteroids in the form of eye drops and ointments are prescribed if other medications are ineffective and for chronic allergic eye diseases.

Topical corticosteroid preparations in pediatric ophthalmology:

• dexamethasone – eye drops (Dexapos, Maxidex);
• hydrocortisone - eye ointment.

In children, corticosteroid drugs are used only as prescribed by a doctor, and in case of long-term use (from 10 days), periodic ophthalmological examination with monitoring of intraocular pressure is recommended.

Vitamin and nutritional drops

These include drops that ensure the supply of vitamins and other important nutrients to the cornea and other eye tissues, thereby accelerating the healing processes of microtraumas, erosions and ulcers.

Emoxipine is most often used in children.

Antibiotics

Eye drops and ointments containing antibacterial drug, are prescribed only in case of secondary bacterial infection and the development of purulent conjunctivitis. The most popular means are:

• tobrex – eye drops;
• chloramphenicol – eye drops and ointment;
• gentamicin - drops and ointment;
• tetracycline - eye ointment;
• tsiprolet – eye drops;
• miramistin (solution for topical use) and okomistin - eye drops.

Combination drugs

Many products are produced for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. combination drugs containing several active ingredients and thus possessing several actions simultaneously. The effect of combination drugs and side effects are determined by their components. Below we will look at some of the drugs.

Allergophthal– eye drops with vasoconstrictor (due to naphazoline hydrochloride) and antihistamine (due to antazoline phosphate) effect. Contraindicated in younger childhood(up to 6 years), with arterial hypertension, heart disease, intolerance to one of the components.

Spersallerg– eye drops containing a vasoconstrictor (tetrazoline hydrochloride) and an antihistamine (antazoline hydrochloride). Can be used in children younger age(according to the annotation - from 2 years, if prescribed by an ophthalmologist, it is possible earlier).

Cromosil(drops) – they contain a vasoconstrictor (tetrazoline hydrochloride) and a mast cell membrane stabilizer (sodium cromoglycate). It has a minimum of side effects and is used with virtually no restrictions. Compatible with soft contact lenses.

Nafcon A(drops) - includes a vasoconstrictor (naphazoline hydrochloride) and an antihistamine (pheniramine maleate). Allowed from 12 years of age.

Garazon(drops) – contains a corticosteroid (beclamethasone) and an antibiotic (gentamicin). Allowed from 2 years.

Okumetil(drops) – contains a vasoconstrictor (naphazoline), an antihistamine (diphenhydramine) and an antiseptic (zinc sulfate). Allowed from 2 years.

Treatment regimen

The treatment regimen, dosage of the drug, frequency of administration and duration of use are determined for each child individually. Prescriptions should be made by an allergist or an ophthalmologist; ideally, consultations (including repeated ones) of both specialists are desirable.

Generally speaking, for the treatment of moderate seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in children, the following regimens are most effective and relatively safe:

• systemic antihistamine (long-term) + local antihistamine (from 10 days) + artificial tears (long-term) + vasoconstrictor (short course, if necessary);
• systemic antihistamine (long-term, during the period of allergies) + local mast cell membrane stabilizer (long-term, 2 weeks before the onset of allergies - if the allergen plant and its flowering period are known) + vasoconstrictor (short course, if necessary).

Conclusion

Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis in a child should be carried out only according to medical prescriptions, after examination and examination, when the allergic origin of conjunctivitis is confirmed. A prerequisite is to identify a causally significant allergen and take measures to eliminate it (eliminate), since in many cases this is enough for the child to recover, and drug treatment will not be required, or its volume will be reduced.

Allergic conjunctivitis in children begins with redness and swelling of the eyelids. A child's tears flow spontaneously for no reason. These may be the first signs of the disease, so you should consult a doctor immediately.

In children, manifestations of this pathology occur in the following forms:

• spicy;
• chronic;
• unspecified.

The causes of allergic conjunctivitis in children can be both heredity and external factors. Inflammation of the conjunctiva is a fairly common disease in which eye irritation is caused by some allergen. Sometimes it is impossible to identify the irritant for a long time.

Main reasons:

• Genetic predisposition (inherited from parents).
• Household and social aspects.
• Increased sensitivity of the body to external irritants.
• Poor immunity.

External irritants:

• household factor (dust, fluff, feathers, intolerance to household chemicals);
• contact with animals (more precisely, with their fur);
• medicines(most often these are eye drops and gels);
• food allergens (citrus fruits, berries, honey);
• cigarette smoke making children passive smokers;
• plant pollen during the flowering period;
• foreign body in the eyes (, dentures);
• infections (viral, bacterial, fungal origin).

Symptoms

Symptoms begin to appear in the first hours after the child’s contact with the irritant. The signs are clearly expressed and are almost impossible to confuse with something else:

• redness and swelling of the conjunctiva of the eye;
• itching and burning, feeling as if sand had been poured into the eyes;
• discharge of mucus from the eyes (clear or viscous). The eyelashes stick together, the mucus dries out and rolls into yellowish lumps;
• pain in the eyes and fear of harsh, bright light;
• rapid eye fatigue;
• in the morning the eyelids seem to be “glued together”;
• runny nose combined with cough;
• Sometimes vision is greatly reduced.

The disease first affects one eye, then the other. Children feel discomfort, so they often rub their eyes, thereby transferring the irritant from the diseased eye to the healthy one.

Classification

Allergic conjunctivitis is divided into seasonal and year-round; it can also be acute and chronic.

• Seasonal– makes itself felt during the flowering period of plants, when pollen comes into contact with the mucous membrane of the eye, causes irritation and provokes disease.
• Year-round– does not depend on the time of year and manifests itself with constant contact with external allergens (dust, wool, etc.)

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the disease is not difficult, but the pediatric ophthalmologist still examines the fundus of the eye. Before deciding on treatment, the immunologist prescribes appropriate tests and finds out does the child have a genetic predisposition to the disease?.

A thorough study helps you choose the best treatment option. The main and most important stage in treatment is correct diagnosis, which allows you to identify and eliminate the irritant that leads to an exacerbation of the disease.

Analyzes

• Examination of tear fluid;
• Blood test (clinical, for allergens);
• Skin tests for allergens (markers).

The inflammatory process can be caused by a number of reasons:

• If the disease is caused by medications, then this remedy is canceled.
• An allergic reaction to contact of the mucous membrane with a foreign body is eliminated by removing lenses, prostheses, and postoperative sutures.
• If the disease is caused by an infection or tuberculosis process, then treatment of the underlying disease is prescribed.

Treatment

Eye drops

Oftadek- These are eye drops that have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects; they contain a strong antiseptic. Place 2 drops in children's eyes 6 times a day.

– relieves inflammation and constricts blood vessels.

Antihistamines

Exists large number antihistamines (more than 150 types). A thorough examination will help determine optimal drugs, which will not harm the baby’s health and relieve unpleasant allergic reactions.

• We recommend reading:

Folk remedies

At the first sign of conjunctivitis, apply a cold compress. Very good action I provide eye wash solutions prepared independently:

• penicillin– the bottle with the powder is diluted with boiled water;
• wheat flour decoction(2 tablespoons are boiled in 500 ml of water);
• calendula infusion(flowers are brewed in a thermos and left for at least 2 hours).

Prevention

All preventive measures boil down to a few basic hygiene rules and healthy image life.

• Children must be taught strictly maintain personal hygiene, wash your hands, change towels and linen regularly.
• As often as possible ventilate your home. The house must be clean, so that “not a speck of dust, not a speck.” After all, it is these same “specks of dust” that can cause an allergic reaction.
• Very important strengthen immunity, because a weakened body easily succumbs to any disease. Choose a good one vitamin complex and make sure you take it regularly.
• Hardening- this is a method that gives amazing results. Many cases have been described in which simply pouring cold water on the most severe allergy sufferers turned children into completely healthy children.
• Try don't have any pets if there is a small allergic person growing up in the family.
• It is necessary to create the safest possible area around children, which will limit their contact with possible allergens.
• With maximum care, a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet, your children will grow up full of strength and energy.

Good day, dear readers. In this article we will learn what allergic conjunctivitis is and treatment in children. You will become aware of the main symptoms of this disease and the causes of its development, diagnostic methods and preventive measures that significantly reduce the risk of disease.

Varieties

The classification of allergic conjunctivitis depends on:

1. Time of occurrence:

• year-round – observed regardless of season and weather conditions;
• seasonal – outbreak allergic reaction observed in spring or summer.

1. Course of the disease:

• acute (unspecified, atypical);
• subacute;
• chronic.

1. Type of allergen (what caused the disease):

• medicinal – response to taking eye drops;
• atopic – develops against the background of dermatitis, asthma or urticaria;
• hay fever – the body’s response to the flowering of cereals and trees;
• spring - observed during the warming period (after winter) and from the abundance of sunlight;
• hyperpapillary - the result of the impact of foreign bodies on the mucous membrane of the eye, for example, the action of lenses or the presence of a prosthesis;
• infectious - allergic - the absence of an allergen in the patient’s eye, and the reaction is to toxins secreted by pathogenic microorganisms that multiply in some organ of the child;
• tuberculosis - allergic - the body's response to toxins secreted by mycobacteria. In addition to the conjunctiva, the eyeball is affected.

Features of babies in the first year of life

Allergic conjunctivitis is practically not observed at this age. Children with a hereditary predisposition or weak immunity. In addition to this type of conjunctivitis, diathesis or atopic dermatitis will also be present.

You can assume a disease if the little one starts rubbing his eyes, is capricious, and behaves restlessly. Parents may find that the eyelids are swollen, redness appears on the mucous membrane of the eyes, and crusts may appear on the child’s eyelashes.

Most often, the reason is a response to foods that the mother eats during breastfeeding or the baby himself during the complementary feeding period.

Reasons

Contact with an allergen is a natural factor influencing the occurrence of any allergic reaction.

Let's look at what main factors can provoke allergic conjunctivitis of the eyes in children:

• pathogenic microorganism toxins;
• response to animal fur;
• allergy to flowering plants;
• solutions necessary for contact lenses;
• cosmetics;
• medicines;
• irritation of the eye mucosa by a foreign object;
• response to certain products, for example, chocolate, household chemicals;
• reaction to smoke, particularly cigarette smoke.

If we consider the year-round form of conjunctivitis, the disease can occur due to:

• pet hair;
• bird feathers;
• household chemicals;
• dust containing microscopic dust mites;
• spores of microorganisms actively developing in a room with high humidity.

The seasonal type is provoked by the following factors:

• poplar fluff;
• pollen from plants that bloom.

Signs

If we consider allergic conjunctivitis in children, symptoms, then it should be taken into account that the speed of their manifestation and its severity are influenced by the concentration of the allergen and the level of immunity. It should be noted that some signs appear at the very beginning of the disease, others during the process.

TO primary symptoms include:

• itching in the eye area;
• burning sensation;
• profuse lacrimation;
• increased visual fatigue;
• hyperemia of the conjunctiva, as well as the edges of the eyelids;
• increase in the size of follicles and papillae;
• the appearance of mucous discharge;
• swelling of the conjunctiva.

During the acute period of the disease, the secretion of tear fluid stops, which leads to the appearance of new characteristic signs:

• photophobia, the baby begins to squint in bright light;
• feeling of a foreign body on the mucous membrane of the eye;
• visual acuity decreases due to the edematous state of the conjunctiva;
• the mucous membrane dries out;
• cutting pain appears when moving the eyes.

Due to the fact that the baby experiences discomfort, he begins to rub his eyes. This can lead to secondary infection, especially if the child does not follow the rules of personal hygiene and does not wash his hands. Then new symptoms appear:

• discharge from the eyes acquires a yellowish, sometimes greenish tint;
• After waking up, pus accumulates in the corners of the eye.

Quite often, in the presence of allergic conjunctivitis, rhinitis of this nature is also present, which means the following symptoms may be present:

• discharge of mucus from the nasal passages;
• irritation occurs under the nose.

You can see how allergic conjunctivitis manifests itself in children, photo:

It is also important to consider that depending on the form of the disease, certain signs may or may not be present. Let's take a closer look at the symptoms of each type.

1. Spring:

• increasing itching;
• sensation of a foreign object on the mucous membrane;
• ulcers and erosions develop on the cornea;
• enlargement of the papillae on the conjunctiva.

1. Drug:

• swelling of the eyelids;
• hemorrhage is possible on the mucous membrane;
• Tearing.

1. Pollinose:

• visual acuity deteriorates;
• possible appearance of urticaria;
• lacrimation;
• with a long course, damage to body systems and organs is possible.

1. Hyperpapillary:

• large papillae form on the conjunctiva;
• sensation of a foreign object located under the upper eyelid.

1. Infectious-allergic:

• vitreous phimosis;
• swelling of the eyelids;
• erosions appear on the mucous membrane;
• copious mucous discharge.

1. Tuberculosis allergic:

• pronounced fear of light;
• damage not only to the conjunctiva, but also to the cornea;
• the appearance of small cracks in the corners of the eyes.

1. Atopic:

• itching of the periocular area and the eyelids themselves;
• the lower conjunctiva swells;
• Small scales appear on the edges of the eyelids.

Please note that some symptoms of this disease similar to those with conjunctivitis. That is why it is important that a specialist makes a diagnosis, and not the baby’s parents.

Diagnostics

The treatment process should be led by an allergist and an ophthalmologist. After a personal examination of the child and collection characteristic symptoms, the following studies will be ordered to make a diagnosis:

1. Microscopy of eye discharge.
2. General blood test. Confirmation of an allergic reaction will be increased level eosinophils.
3. Biochemical blood test for immunoglobulin E.
4. Allergy tests to determine the exact allergen. Allowed for children over four years of age.
5. Analysis of venous blood to determine the spectra of substances that cause an allergic reaction in the baby.
6. During the period of remission, sublingual, conjunctival and nasal tests are prescribed.
7. If necessary, the child will undergo an examination of the gastrointestinal tract, a scraping for enterobiasis, and a stool test for eggworm.

Treatment

1. The use of antihistamines, for example, Zyrtec, Claritin.
2. Membrane stabilizing drops, for example, Zaditen or Lecrolin.
3. Histamine receptor blockers in the form of drops, for example, Histimet or Visine.
4. Corticosteroid drugs in case of severe disease.
5. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drops with diclofenac.

Features of the treatment of hay fever:

1. Using eye drops, for example, Spersallerg.
2. Use of antihistamines.
3. Drops aimed at treating allergic conjunctivitis, for example, Alomide.
4. Vasoconstrictor drops, for example, Visine.

Features of treatment of the chronic form:

1. The use of drops, for example, Alomide or Cromohexal.

Features of the spring type of allergic conjunctivitis:

1. Drops with dexamethasone, for example, Maxidex.
2. Instillation of Alomide when infiltrates or erosion appear.
3. Allergodil together with Maxidex in case of acute manifestations.
4. For complex treatment, antihistamine tablets, for example, Zodak or Cetrin.
5. Immunotherapy, injections of histaglobulin up to 10 times.

1. The use of antihistamine eye drops.
2. At acute course diseases Spersallerg or Allergodil, in chronic cases - Alomide or Cromohexal.

With medicinal:

1. Cancellation of the provoking allergen.
2. Ingestion antihistamine, for example, Loratadine or Cetrina.
3. Eye drops, for example, Allergodil or Spersallerg.

Features of care

To ensure a speedy recovery, the following measures must be observed:

1. Eliminating the allergen.
2. During the flowering period, you need to wash your eyes after every walk.
3. Use of antihistamines.
4. In severe allergic reactions, hormonal medications are prescribed.
5. A hypoallergenic diet is recommended.
6. Correct daily routine.

Traditional methods

As additional treatment Traditional medicine can be used. But do not forget that the use of certain medications and their dosage should be calculated only by the attending physician.

1. Camomile tea. You will need to put three tablespoons of dried flowers in a glass of boiling water and leave for 20 minutes. After cooling, rinse eyes. The course of treatment is up to a week.
2. Calendula infusion. Place two teaspoons of flowers in a glass of boiling water, leave for 15 minutes, and filter. The resulting solution is used to wipe the eyes up to five times a day.
3. Aloe. The crushed leaves are poured with boiled water (warm) in a ratio of 1 to 10. Then they are filtered and lotions are made up to four times a day.
4. Dill. Add a tablespoon of dried seeds to one and a half cups of boiling water. The solution is infused for 20 minutes, after which it is filtered and used for rinsing.
5. Strong brewed tea. Rinse eyes.

Prevention

1. It is important that there are no objects in the house that can cause an allergic reaction.
2. Every day it is necessary to carry out wet cleaning and ventilate the room, wipe off dust.
3. You should avoid household chemicals with a strong and toxic odor.
4. If your child is allergic, then you should not take risks by having pets. Acceptable with pre-conducted allergy tests, in the absence of an allergy to animal hair.
5. During the flowering period of plants, it is necessary to take care of protection respiratory system baby from aromas. If necessary, wear a gauze bandage when going outside.

Diagnostic measures are necessary in order not to start the course of the disease. You need to be extremely careful when taking tests.

Treatment

Treatment goals include:

1. Relief of the disease;
2. Limiting close contact with the allergy trigger;
3. Prevention of possible complications.

The following have been identified as therapy to minimize the consequences of developing allergic conjunctivitis in childhood:

1. Usage medications. These include various antihistamine medical products (drops for allergic conjunctivitis in children, tablets). In addition, natural therapeutic and restorative preparations for children are becoming especially popular. In their composition, as active substance includes Far Eastern kelp (angustat). These are brown algae that include great content alginic acid. Under its influence, excess amounts of immunoglobulins are suppressed. This is due to the content in them, which prevents the release of histamine, after which an allergic reaction is not observed.
2. Application of funds traditional medicine.
3. Preventive measures. These are measures to stop the child’s contact with a possible source of allergies, and high-quality cleaning of the premises.

Prescribe independently medicines for treatment of the disease is prohibited. Monitoring by a specialist should be carried out throughout the entire course of prescribed therapy. The choice of treatment should be determined by the attending physician.

Prevention of allergic conjunctivitis

Among the preventive measures to prevent the occurrence and development of allergic conjunctivitis is the need to avoid close contact with the allergen. Prevention of the disease consists of regular cleaning of the premises, relocation of the pet to close relatives, until the causes of the disease are determined. Also change the ones you use cosmetics for a child on hypoallergenic, household chemicals used to clean the room, etc.

In addition, preventive measures include use for children. The use of a therapeutic and prophylactic product, which is based on, helps to increase the child’s immunity.

Prognosis and possible complications

During properly selected treatment, complications of allergic conjunctivitis are not observed. Problems with this disease are extremely rare. Among the complications, there is a relapse of the disease, as well as a change in the shape of the cornea and the formation of ulcers on it.

The main recommendations for parents are:

1. To prevent the occurrence of allergic conjunctivitis in your baby year-round, use hypoallergenic cosmetic products to care for your baby’s skin;
2. Ventilate and moisten the room more often;
3. If there is a risk of heredity in the manifestation of an allergy to animals or plant pollen, eliminate possible allergens in advance (for example, do not purchase a pet or rehome it).

• angustate, which includes a large amount of vitamins and minerals that are beneficial to the child’s body;
• Extract;
• strengthens children's bones and joints;
• , thanks to which vitamins have a pleasant taste.

The use of a product that contains brown algae has a beneficial effect on suppressing the production of histamines. In this case, the symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis are eliminated, the treatment proceeds smoothly and without complications.

Currently, the number of allergic diseases that occur with eye damage has increased. The most common of them is allergic conjunctivitis, which develops as a result of an inadequate reaction immune system. Manifestations of pathology cause visible inconvenience to the child, so it is important to identify the problem in time and prescribe treatment.

Description of the disease

Allergic conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the membrane of the eye that lines the upper and lower eyelids from the inside. The child feels a burning sensation, itching, watery eyes, and redness of the eyes. Other manifestations such as rhinitis and cough are also possible.

The condition is often called “pink eye” because the eyelids become swollen and red. This is due to the fact that the vessels that are located in the colorless membrane of the eye and supply it with blood become more noticeable.

According to statistics, allergic reactions of an ophthalmological nature account for 20–40% of all allergies.

In most cases, it occurs in children 3–4 years old; in older children, the disease is diagnosed in 3–5%.

Unlike other forms of conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis does not pose a danger to other people, since it is not an infectious pathology. This is only the individual reaction of the body to a certain stimulus.

As a rule, this type of disease is characterized by bilateral eye damage. May be primary or secondary.

Classification

The pathology is seasonal or year-round. The course of the disease can be:

• sharp;
• subacute;
• chronic.

Depending on the reason that caused this reaction of the body, the following types of allergic conjunctivitis are distinguished:

Video: conjunctivitis - the school of Dr. Komarovsky

Causes of allergies

The main reason for the development of allergic conjunctivitis is contact with an irritant.

The chronic course of the disease can be provoked by:

• household chemicals;
• pets (bird feathers, dry fish food, fluff, wool);
• dust mites, as well as house dust;
• bacteria and fungal spores that occur with increased humidity in the room.

Unsystematic cleaning, dry air and poor ventilation only aggravate the condition of a child with this pathology.

Seasonal pathology is caused by:

• poplar fluff;
• flowering plants.

The contact type of disease (this also includes hyperpapillary conjunctivitis) is diagnosed in case of exposure to an allergen:

• liquids for contact lenses;
• medicines (ointments, anesthetics, antibacterial drops);
• cosmetics (wet wipes, cream).

In some cases, the reaction is caused by strong-smelling substances, e.g. tobacco smoke, food products, paints and varnishes.

Doctors say that in young children the disease develops under the influence of hereditary or social factors.

Causes of allergic conjunctivitis - photo gallery

Pets, household chemicals, dust mites provoke a chronic course of the disease Contact type of pathology is caused by medicines and cosmetics, lenses and solutions for their storage Poplar fluff and flowering plants cause seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

Symptoms of conjunctivitis in a child: red eyes, lacrimation, itching, swelling of the eyelids and others

The symptoms of the pathology are quite pronounced, so identifying the disease will not be difficult. Depending on the amount of allergen and the baby’s immunity, signs of conjunctivitis develop either within a few minutes or 1–2 hours after contact.

In the acute phase of the disease the following is noted:

• redness of the eyes;
• profuse lacrimation;
• feeling of burning and itching;
• the appearance of thick, transparent or white sputum;
• swelling of the eyelid.

Gradually, the secretion of tear fluid decreases, and new signs appear:

• sensation of a foreign body in the eye;
• dry mucous membranes;
• increased sensitivity of the eyes to light;
• decreased vision, inability to focus on an object.

If a child often rubs his eyes, there is a risk of adding a secondary infection, then the transparent discharge takes on a yellow-green tint, and in the morning you can see an accumulation of pus in the corners.

In the chronic course of the disease, the symptoms are less pronounced, but appear with enviable persistence. Often the pathology is accompanied by eczema or bronchial asthma. In addition, with regular resumption of symptoms, the protective function connective tissue of the eyeball. This is fraught with the addition of other forms of the disease, which may pose a danger to others.

Allergic conjunctivitis, unlike bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, is characterized by damage to both eyes.

Depending on the form of the disease, the main symptoms are added additional signs, characteristic of a certain type of pathology.

Symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis - table

Features of the disease in newborns and infants

The disease practically does not occur in children under three years of age. Infants with reduced immunity, as well as those with a genetic predisposition, are at risk. In this case, other manifestations of allergies join the main symptoms: atopic dermatitis, diathesis.

The cause of the disease can also be pathology of the lacrimal ducts, which develops as a result of improper formation of the lacrimal glands in the womb.

You can suspect a problem in newborns if the baby shows anxiety and tries to rub his eyes. Swelling of the eyelids occurs, redness of the mucous membrane is observed, and crusts appear on the eyelashes.

In infants, pathology often develops as a result of a reaction to food (with the introduction of complementary foods, transfer from breastfeeding to artificial feeding, changing the mother's diet).

In addition, babies may experience a pseudo-allergic reaction caused by diseases gastrointestinal tract, worms.

If the disease develops, you should immediately seek medical help. It is not recommended to take any independent actions before being examined by a doctor!

To alleviate the child’s condition, it is permissible to wash his eyes with saline solution or chamomile decoction.

Diagnostics

The disease is diagnosed by an ophthalmologist and an allergist-immunologist. First of all, the child is examined, information is collected about hereditary diseases, the connection between the occurrence of such a reaction of the body and the influence of provoking factors (flowering plants, the presence of pets, taking medications) is determined.

To confirm the diagnosis, the following are additionally carried out:

• blood test for immunoglobulin E;
• microscopic examination of tear fluid - there is an increase in eosinophils of more than 10%;
• bacteriological examination of purulent contents (if any);
• fecal analysis for helminth eggs;
• scraping for enterobiasis;
• eyelash mite (Demodex) test.

In order to identify what exactly caused the pathology, the child is given skin allergy tests. During the procedure, a minimal amount of the most common allergens is injected under the skin. Based on the body’s reaction, the substance that caused the reaction is determined and adequate therapy is prescribed.

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis allows you to identify the differences between viral, bacterial and allergic conjunctivitis. Compare:

• severe swelling of the eyelids;
• presence of itching;
• discharge and the cells contained in it;
• condition of the lymph nodes.

Differential diagnosis - table

Treatment

At the first manifestations of the disease, you should immediately contact an ophthalmologist. Under no circumstances should you carry out self-treatment - this can lead to serious pathologies, including loss of vision.

First of all, avoid contact with the allergen. Depending on what was the trigger, it is recommended to stop medications, isolate the baby from animals if possible, and remove lenses.

Unfortunately, some types of allergens cannot be removed (seasonal flowering of plants). In this case, you should not leave the house with your child. Of course, it is impossible to sit in a stuffy room with the windows closed, so ventilation is necessary. Transoms should be covered with damp gauze, which is folded several times.

Drug therapy: drops, ointments

The next step is drug treatment, in which they prescribe:

1. Antihistamines in the form of suspensions (children's syrups) and tablets - Zirtec, Suprastin, Loratidine.
2. Antiallergic eye drops - Opatanol, Lecrolin, Histimet (contraindicated for children under 12 years of age), Allergodil (for children over 4 years of age).
3. Instant antihistamine drops (block histamine receptors) – Azelastine, Hi-Krom (children over 4 years old).
4. Tear substitutes (for dry conjunctiva) – Oftogel, Visin - pure tear, Oksial.
5. Corticosteroid drugs are prescribed in advanced cases, as well as to relieve acute attacks of an allergic reaction. Your doctor may prescribe dexamethasone or hydrocortisone drops or ointments.
6. Drops with vitamins (if the cornea is affected) - Quinax, Catalin, Emoxipin.
7. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Acular LS, drops with diclofenac.
8. In case of a protracted form of the disease, the doctor may prescribe Alomide and Cromohexal drops (antiallergic agents for topical use).

In case of constant relapses, it is recommended to carry out specific immunotherapy, the main task of which is to teach the body not to react so violently to the allergen. The procedure involves injecting substances that caused the reaction under the skin. The dose is minimal, so unpleasant symptoms will not cause. The body will get used to the irritant and develop immunity to it.

Medicines for allergic conjunctivitis - photo gallery

Acular LS is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Visine - eliminates dry conjunctiva. Hydrocortisone is prescribed to relieve acute attacks of an allergic reaction. Quinax is necessary for corneal damage. Cromohexal is prescribed for a protracted form of the disease.
Opatanol - antiallergic eye drops

Traditional medicine

In addition to basic therapy, traditional medicine methods can be used. It should be remembered that it is impossible to cure pathology with herbal remedies. In addition, before using them, you should consult your doctor.

1. Calendula infusion:
   • 2 tsp. Brew flowers 1 tbsp. boiling water;
   • leave for 15–20 minutes,
   • filter. Wipe your eyes with the resulting infusion 4–5 times a day.
2. Camomile tea:
   • 3 tbsp. l. steam dried flowers with a glass of boiling water;
   • leave for 15–20 minutes;
   • Rinse eyes throughout the day. The course of treatment is up to 7 days.
3. Aloe:
   • chop the leaves;
   • pour warm boiled water in a ratio of 1:10;
   • strain through cheesecloth;
   • use as lotions 3-4 rubles/day.
4. Infusion of green or black tea. Soak cotton pads in warm brew and apply to inflamed eyelids for 5 minutes. Can be used to wash eyes.
5. • squeeze the juice from the fresh leaves of the plant;
   • dilute it in a 1:1 ratio;
   • Rinse your eyes with the resulting liquid, make lotions, and lubricate your eyelids.
6. Dill:
   • dried seeds (1 tbsp) pour 1.5 tbsp. boiling water;
   • leave the solution for 20 minutes;
   • strain and use to wash eyes.

When treating conjunctivitis in children, it is better to alternate herbal infusions. Dill seeds are known for their bactericidal and soothing properties. Kalanchoe juice is used as a wound-healing and anti-inflammatory agent.

Treatment prognosis and possible complications

If you fail to see a doctor in a timely manner inflammatory process can spread to the cornea and other eye tissues. This is fraught with a decrease in visual acuity, as well as the development of more serious eye diseases (ulcers and inflammation of the cornea).

Early identification of the irritant and adequate therapy can alleviate the condition and also prevent relapses.

Preventive measures

To prevent the disease and prevent relapses, parents are recommended to:

• wet cleaning of rooms;
• ventilation;
• maintaining an optimal humidity level (from 30–60%);
• excluding allergenic foods from the child’s menu (nuts, chocolate, brightly colored fruits and vegetables, as well as foods with preservatives);
• exclusion of household chemicals;
• strengthening the baby's immunity;
• visiting an immunologist.

In addition, it is necessary to teach the child to maintain cultural and hygienic skills: wash your hands after a walk, do not rub your eyes, use only your own towel and handkerchief.

Video: Aznauryan I. E. about allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis - dangerous disease, which can become chronic and cause serious complications. To alleviate the baby’s condition, it is necessary to find out what served as the allergen and caused the body’s inadequate reaction. With timely treatment, the prognosis is quite favorable.