Infectious inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system. How to treat inflammation of the genitourinary system in women. How to recognize an infection

One of the common reasons for visiting a doctor is urinary tract infections in women. Representatives of the fair sex more often face this problem due to the anatomical features of the body. The urinary canal is located in close proximity to the vagina and anus. This promotes the rapid movement of pathogenic organisms in the genitourinary system.

What are infections?

Infection is infection by a pathogenic microorganism that negatively affects a specific organ system, in this case the genitourinary system. In the absence of diagnosis and timely treatment, the infection causes inflammatory complications. Ignoring the disease leads to a transition to a chronic course, which negatively affects all areas of a person’s life. Inflammation of the urinary tract can have unpleasant complications for women.

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Causes and types

Inflammatory processes occur as a result of the entry or active reproduction of pathogenic organisms in one or more organs.

The cause and route of infection are very different. Unlike sexually transmitted diseases, infections of the genitourinary system can occur as a result of reduced immunity or organ injury. The most common factors are:

• neglect of personal hygiene;
• unprotected sex;
• reduced immunity;
• hypothermia;
• stress;
• transfer of the pathogen from other infected organs;

Diseases of the genitourinary system are characterized by the presence of infection in one or more of its organs. Depending on the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms, they are divided into: upper genitourinary tract infections and lower genitourinary tract infections. They cause the following diseases:

• glomerulonephritis;
• pyelonephritis;
• cystitis;
• adnexitis;
• salpingitis;
• endometritis;
• epididymitis;
• urethritis;

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Pathogens

There are many microorganisms that can cause diseases of the genitourinary tract. They are differentiated as: pathogenic and opportunistic. The former cause illness when they enter one or another organ. Opportunistic pathogens can be part of a woman’s normal flora, but under a certain set of circumstances (trauma, decreased immunity), they multiply and cause an infectious-inflammatory process. Medicine identifies the following types of pathogens:

• ureoplasma;
• mycoplasma;
• treponema pallidum;
• fungal microorganisms;
• chlamydia;
• Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
• trichomonas;
• listeria;
• Klebsiella;
• Proteus;
• cocci;

Sometimes the inflammatory process occurs against the background of another disease, for example in the context of herpes, papillomavirus and cytomegalovirus. Most of the above pathogenic organisms can migrate in the human body along with the blood and cause diseases of various organs and systems. The risk of infection increases when a woman begins to be sexually active, since almost all infections are sexually transmitted.

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Symptoms of urinary tract infections in women

Diseases of the genitourinary system in women have extensive symptoms. Some infections manifest themselves with specific symptoms and signs, while others are asymptomatic. There are also hidden infections, they are characterized by a complete absence of symptoms. Often, the patient finds out about the presence of a latent infection by chance by taking a general analysis urine during pregnancy or before surgical intervention. The presence of the disease includes the following symptoms:

• unusual vaginal discharge;
• discharge from the urethra;
• the process of urination is accompanied by a burning sensation, cramping;
• discomfort during sexual intercourse;
• itching of the genitals;
• swelling of the external genitalia and anus;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• lumbar pain;
• the appearance of formations on the genitals;
• impurities of blood and pus in the urine;
• elevated temperature.

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How do women's infections differ from men's?

Medicine divides infections into “male” and “female” according to the specific course of the disease, but the causative agents of inflammatory processes are the same in both sexes.

Due to the differences in the structure of male and female genitourinary organs, the disease is localized in different places. The following are considered exclusively “male” diseases: balanoposthitis (inflammatory process of the head of the penis and its foreskin), prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland), vesiculitis (inflammation of the seminal vesicles) and balanitis (inflammation of the head). The symptoms of some diseases are also different. This is due to the natural anatomy, lifestyle and food culture of a person. However, differences in the course of the disease do not indicate different pathogens.

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General signs

The infectious disease has common symptoms in both sexes. Typically, patients feel discomfort when urinating. The inflamed mucous tissue of the urethra reacts with a burning sensation when urine enters. Uncharacteristic discharge from the urethra is also common in both men and women. Pyelonephritis manifests itself lumbar pain. Sometimes, with an infectious disease, the temperature rises. The appearance of neoplasms on the skin or external genital organs can also serve as the onset of the disease, regardless of gender.

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Differences in the course of some diseases

Statistically, inflammation of the genitourinary system occurs more often in women than in men. The fact is that the female urethra is only 4-5 cm long, while the male urethra is 11-16 cm long. Infections that enter a woman’s body rise faster and affect the bladder and kidneys. However, precisely due to the relatively long urethra, inflammation of the ureter in men is more acute and takes much longer to heal. In women, the course of this disease is less noticeable, and therefore more often becomes chronic. Also, representatives of the fair sex are more likely to have hidden genitourinary infections. Due to the absence of symptoms, women are more often carriers of pathogenic organisms than men.

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Diagnosis of diseases of the genitourinary system

The topic of genitourinary tract infections has been well studied and, usually, a specialist has no problem identifying them. Typically, the doctor will collect information about symptoms and perform an examination. Next, he prescribes a series of clinical and laboratory tests. Standard tests include:

• general clinical blood and urine tests;
• radioimmunoassay;
• bacteriological culture;
• immunofluorescence reaction;
• provocation test;
• computer research;

Special tests are also prescribed to determine the sensitivity of the bacteria to certain antibiotics. The results obtained provide a complete picture of the type of pathogen, the stage of development of the disease, and its impact on other organs and systems. human body. After establishing an accurate diagnosis, the doctor develops a treatment regimen.

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Treatment options

When treating a disease of the urinary system, a complex regimen is prescribed, which consists of drug treatment, dietary nutrition and certain drinking regime. Early diagnosis infectious diseases, eliminating the cause and carrying out preventive measures help to quickly cure the disease with minimal consequences for the body.

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General principles

Treatment of the genitourinary system is aimed at destroying infectious pathogens, relieving inflammatory processes, restoring healthy flora of the organ and preventing disease in the future. Correct therapy is developed only by the doctor and the patient’s task is to strictly follow it. Proper treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system helps prevent their occurrence in the future.

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Antibiotics

The main drugs used for infections are antibiotic medications. The necessary tablets are selected based on the sensitivity of the pathogenic microorganism to a particular type of antibiotic.

The medicine is taken in a course, the duration of which is determined by the doctor depending on the degree of development of the disease. It is extremely important to drink the required amount of the drug completely. Even if all manifestations of the disease have passed, this does not mean that the patient has gotten rid of all pathogens. If the course of antibiotic treatment is interrupted, pathogenic microorganisms may develop resistance to the drug and repeated treatment will not bring results. Traditionally, urinary tract inflammation is treated with the following antibiotics:

• Ampicillin;
• Amoxiclav;
• Amoxicillin;
• Cephalexin;
• Biseptol;
• Ceftriaxone;

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Pain Remedies

Diseases of the urinary system are accompanied by pain, which significantly affects the patient’s quality of life. In order to relieve or relieve pain, antispasmodics and painkillers are used. Among the most common: “No-shpa”, “Drotaverin”, “Baralgin” and “Pentalgin”. It should be noted that these drugs relieve pain symptoms, but do not treat the root cause of the disease.

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Other drugs

In combination with antibiotics, antiseptics, immunomodulators and vitamins are used. Antiseptics such as iodine, chlorhexidine and potassium permanganate solution are applied topically for external damage to the external genitalia and mucosal tissue. Supportive and strengthening medications play a very important role in treatment. Antibiotics, in addition to pathogenic microorganisms, destroy and beneficial bacteria, which disrupts the flora of the body, which, as a result, causes fungal infections and digestive system disorders.

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Treatment with folk remedies

For pathologies, treatment with folk remedies is possible. Infectious diseases should be treated with herbs carefully and after consultation with a doctor. As a rule, herbs that have a diuretic effect are used; with their help, pathogenic organisms will quickly exit through the urinary tract. Among them are lingonberries, rose hips, cranberries and chicory. Herbs such as chamomile and horsetail have soothing and antiseptic properties. Lungwort herb has tanning properties and treats inflammatory processes in the mucous tissues of the bladder and other organs.

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Diet for diseases of the genitourinary system

The genitourinary system responds positively to adherence to a certain nutritional system in parallel with the main therapy.

The patient is advised to limit the consumption of spicy foods, pickles and smoked meats. Excess spices irritate the inflamed mucous membrane and prevent the complete exit of fluid from the body. It is also recommended to drink at least 2 liters of water, this will stimulate the kidneys and help the genitourinary infection go away.

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Possible complications

A urinary tract infection can have unpleasant consequences. The most common is the transition of diseases into chronic forms. Untreated ailments lead to impaired reproductive function, intimate sphere, pregnancy pathologies, renal failure, and in severe cases - to fatal outcome. The decision not to treat an infectious disease is irresponsible towards the sexual partner. After all, almost any urinary tract infection is transmitted through sexual intercourse.

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Preventive measures

Prevention of diseases of the urinary system includes a number of simple rules and measures:

• active image life;
• proper nutrition;
• taking vitamins;
• timely completion of scheduled medical examinations;
• refusal of uncomfortable synthetic underwear;
• using condoms;

A very important factor in prevention is contacting a qualified specialist when the first symptoms of the disease occur. Reporting the disorder and treatment in the early stages gives the most favorable results and reduces the risk of relapse in the future. Following these simple principles will help prevent genitourinary tract disease.

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Female urinary system

If we talk about how a woman’s urinary system works, it is practically no different from a man’s; the main difference is the length and function of the urethra. If the length of the female urethra is only 3-5 cm, then in men in a calm state the length of the urethra can be 20-23 cm. The purpose of the female urethra is to remove urine from the body, and the male urethra is also to release sperm. All this leads to the fact that inflammation of the genitourinary system occurs more often in women.

Urine is collected first in the kidneys, which pass about 200 liters of blood per day, and it is cleansed of waste and toxins. After such filtration, 1.5-2 liters of urine are formed. It accumulates in the renal pelvis, then enters the bladder through the ureter and is removed from the body through the urethra.

If we talk about the reproductive system, then it has both external and internal genital organs. Inside the pelvis is the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.

Infections of the genitourinary system in women are the main causes that cause inflammatory diseases. These pathologies can be both gynecological and urological and are quite dangerous for the female body. Inflammation of the genitourinary system can lead not only to disturbances in the urination process and menstrual irregularities, they can also provoke the development of an ectopic pregnancy, and often the development of infertility.

Diseases of the genitourinary system

If a woman does not notice the symptoms of the development of the inflammatory process in time and does not completely cure the acute form of the disease, it can become chronic, which will worsen from time to time and bring problems and discomfort to the woman.

Diseases of the genitourinary system, which are inflammatory in nature, are caused by pathogens of the following pathologies:

• gonorrhea, syphilis or trichomoniasis;
• chlamydia, mycoplasmosis;
• tuberculosis and herpes;
• thrush.

In addition to the described cases, the inflammatory process can also be triggered by conditionally pathogenic microbes, for example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus, E. coli and others.

What kind of disease a woman will begin to develop largely depends on where exactly these uninvited guests “settle”.

If they get into the vagina, then inflammation of its mucous membrane develops. This disease is called vaginitis. If microbes settle in the urethra, urethritis develops.

With the development of an inflammatory process in the bladder, a disease called cystitis develops. Inflammation of the uterine mucosa is called endometritis, and if the infection is in the appendages, then adnexitis develops. Pyelonephritis is called inflammation of the renal pelvis.

Symptoms of inflammatory processes

Symptoms of inflammation that occur in the female genitourinary system may vary. The organs of the female reproductive and urinary systems are located close and interact with each other. If inflammation begins in one place, it very quickly spreads to organs that are located nearby.

Most often, women suffer from cystitis because their urethra is short and located near the anus and vagina, which allows germs to easily enter the bladder.

A woman can get an infection in the urethra, and then in the bladder, if she does not follow the rules of personal hygiene. This can also happen during sexual intercourse or as a result of an injury to the vulva.

Symptoms of urethritis are much less common; cystitis develops more often, since the urethra is very short. Even if the infection gets into it, it is washed out from there with a powerful stream of urine.

The main symptoms of cystitis: during urination, a woman experiences a strong burning sensation and pain, the urge to urinate is often false, literally a few drops of urine come out, and a feeling of heaviness and discomfort appears in the suprapubic part. In addition, symptoms of cystitis can be in the form of increased body temperature and a general deterioration in health.

If cystitis is not treated in time, inflammation may develop and pyelonephritis will begin. In addition to the symptoms already described, the woman experiences pain in the lower back and sides of the abdomen, and there is often nausea, which ends in vomiting.

If inflamed organs of the urinary system are not treated, there is a high probability that the inflammation will spread to the organs of the reproductive system, as a result of which a disease such as endometritis or vaginitis, adnexitis may develop.

The initial task of the attending physician is to determine the causative agent of the disease; for this, a urine test is performed, a smear is taken from the vagina and urethra, and a bacterial culture is prescribed.

How additional method diagnostics can be performed by examining the bladder using a special probe. An ultrasound examination, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are performed, and an x-ray examination may also be prescribed.

To identify diseases of the genitourinary system, there are many diagnostic methods that allow you to make a correct diagnosis, after which the doctor determines an effective treatment regimen.

Treatment methods

Treatment of the genitourinary system involves drugs that fight infection, that is, antibiotics. You cannot prescribe such drugs yourself; they must be prescribed by a doctor, who also determines the time of treatment. You cannot stop the course of treatment earlier, even if it seems that you are already completely healthy.

If you take antibiotics incorrectly or finish taking them before the specified time, you can only cause harm to the body. In this case, pathogenic microbes are not completely destroyed; they develop resistance to the antibiotic used, and next time it will no longer be effective, and the disease may become chronic.

Along with antibiotics, the doctor may prescribe medications that increase immunity, relieve inflammation, and certain vitamins and microelements may be prescribed.

In addition to drug treatment, you will also need to adhere to a diet, you will have to limit your intake of spicy food, and you need to drink at least 2 liters of water a day. Traditional medicine can also be used as an auxiliary treatment, but everything must first be agreed upon with the attending physician.

Preventive measures

Even if the treatment is carried out correctly and effectively, if certain rules are not followed, there is a high probability of relapse of the disease.

Hypothermia should not be allowed; underwear should not only be comfortable and not put pressure on the genitals, but also made from natural materials; it is better to avoid synthetic underwear.

When using sanitary pads, do not exceed the time limits specified by the manufacturer. It is imperative to maintain personal hygiene; it is best to wash the genitals after each visit to the toilet; if this is not always possible, then this must be done in the morning and evening. You should urinate before and after sexual intercourse to prevent the spread of infection.

Injury to organs that are part of the genitourinary system should not be allowed. To avoid blood stagnation in the pelvis, you need to be active, exercise moderately, and walk more. If you notice the first signs of the development of these diseases, you should immediately consult a doctor. The sooner this is done, the faster, easier and more effective the treatment is.

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What are genitourinary infections?

Infectious diseases mean pathologies that are caused by certain microorganisms and occur with the development of an inflammatory reaction, which can result in complete recovery or chronicity of the process, when periods of relative well-being alternate with exacerbations.

What diseases do they include?

Often patients and some medical professionals equate the genitourinary infections and diseases. However, such representations do not accurately reflect the essence of each term. The World Health Organization recommends that specific clinical nosologies that affect the organ of the reproductive or urinary system be classified as genitourinary infections. Moreover, the pathogens can be different. And sexually transmitted diseases include a group that has an appropriate spread path, but can affect many organs, and the division of infections is determined according to the type of pathogen. Thus, we are talking about classifications based on different criteria. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the following diseases are understood as genitourinary infections:

• urethritis (inflammation of the urethra);
• cystitis (inflammation of the bladder);
• pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis (kidney inflammation);
• adnexitis (inflammation of the ovaries);
• salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes);
• endometritis (inflammation of the uterine lining);
• balanitis (inflammation of the glans penis);
• balanoposthitis (inflammation of the glans and foreskin of the penis);
• prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland);
• vesiculitis (inflammation of the seminal vesicles);
• epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis).

Thus, genitourinary infections concern exclusively the organs that make up these systems of the human body.

What pathogens cause genitourinary infections?

Urogenital infections can be caused by a huge number of microorganisms, including purely pathogenic and opportunistic ones. Pathogenic microbes always cause an infectious disease, and are never part of the normal human microflora. Opportunistic microorganisms are normally part of the microflora, but do not cause an infectious-inflammatory process. If any predisposing factors occur (loss of immunity, severe somatic diseases, viral infection, injury to the skin and mucous membranes, etc.) opportunistic microorganisms become pathogenic and lead to an infectious-inflammatory process.
Most often, genitourinary infections are caused by the following pathogenic microorganisms:

• gonococcus;
• mycoplasma;
• ureaplasma;
• chlamydia;
• trichomonas;
• treponema pallidum (syphilis);
• coli (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa);
• fungi (candidiasis);
• Klebsiella;
• listeria;
• coliform bacteria;
• Proteus;
• viruses (herpes, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus, etc.).

Today, the listed microbes are the main factors in the development of genitourinary infections. At the same time, cocci, Escherichia coli and fungi of the genus Candida are classified as opportunistic microorganisms, all others are pathogenic. All these microorganisms cause the development of an infectious-inflammatory process, but each has its own characteristics.

Classification of infections: specific and nonspecific

The division of genitourinary tract infections into specific and nonspecific is based on the type of inflammatory reaction, the development of which is provoked by the causative microorganism. Thus, a number of microbes form inflammation with distinctive features, inherent only to this pathogen and this infection, which is why it is called specific. If a microorganism causes normal inflammation without any specific symptoms or course, then we are talking about a nonspecific infection.

Specific infections of the genitourinary organs include those caused by the following microorganisms:
1. Gonorrhea.
2. Trichomoniasis.
3. Syphilis.
4. Mixed infection.

This means that, for example, urethritis caused by syphilis or gonorrhea is specific. A mixed infection is a combination of several pathogens of a specific infection with the formation of a severe inflammatory process.

Nonspecific genitourinary infections are caused by the following microorganisms:

• cocci (staphylococci, streptococci);
• sticks (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa);
• viruses (for example, herpes, cytomegalovirus, etc.);
• chlamydia;
• gardnerella;
• ureaplasma;
• fungi of the genus Candida.

These pathogens lead to the development of an inflammatory process, which is typical and does not have any peculiarities. Therefore, for example, adnexitis caused by chlamydia or staphylococci will be called nonspecific.

Routes of infection

Today, there are three main groups of routes through which genitourinary infections are possible:
1. Dangerous sexual contact of any type (vaginal, oral, anal) without the use of barrier contraceptives (condom).
2. Ascending infection (getting microbes from the skin into the urethra or vagina, and rising to the kidneys or ovaries) as a result of neglect of hygiene rules.
3. Transfer through the blood and lymph flow from other organs that have various diseases of inflammatory origin (caries, pneumonia, influenza, colitis, enteritis, tonsillitis, etc.).
Many pathogenic microorganisms have an affinity for a specific organ, the inflammation of which they cause. Other microbes have an affinity for several organs, so they can form inflammation in either one or the other, or in all of them at once. For example, sore throat is often caused by group B streptococcus, which has an affinity for the tissues of the kidneys and tonsils, that is, it can cause glomerulonephritis or sore throat. For what reasons this type of streptococcus settles in the tonsils or kidneys has not been clarified to date. However, having caused a sore throat, streptococcus can reach the kidneys through the bloodstream and also provoke glomerulonephritis.

Differences in the course of genitourinary infections in men and women

Men and women have different genital organs, which is understandable and known to everyone. The structure of the organs of the urinary system (bladder, urethra) also has significant differences and different surrounding tissues.

The urethra (urethra) of men is three to four times longer than that of women. Due to the length of the male urethra, its inflammation (urethritis) is more difficult to treat and takes more time. Urethritis in women is cured faster and easier. But this length of the urethra in men is a kind of barrier, protection against penetration sexually transmitted infection into the overlying parts of the urinary tract, such as the bladder and kidneys. The short and wide urethra of women does not pose a serious obstacle to the rise of infection, therefore the fairer sex more often develop complications of primary urethritis - cystitis, pyelonephritis, adnexitis and salpingitis.

That is why men mainly suffer from urethritis and prostatitis. Cystitis, pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis occur less frequently in men than in women, and the development of these pathologies is more often caused by structural features, diet, lifestyle, etc. Most often, inflammation of the glans penis or its foreskin, as well as cystitis and nonspecific urethritis , in addition to an infectious cause, may be associated with anal sex and ignoring the rules of personal hygiene.

Urethritis in men manifests itself more sharply and more acutely than in women. Representatives of the stronger sex suffer from cutting, pain and burning throughout the entire urethra when trying to urinate, as well as a feeling of heaviness in the perineum.

Due to the short urethra in women, the infection easily rises to the bladder and kidneys. In addition, women are characterized by a milder and more hidden course of genitourinary infection compared to men. Therefore, women often experience a symptom of a latent genitourinary infection - bacteriuria (the presence of bacteria in the urine in the absence of any symptoms or signs of the disease). Asymptomatic bacteriuria usually goes untreated. The only exceptions are cases of preoperative preparation or pregnancy.

Due to hidden forms of genitourinary infection, women are more often than men carriers of diseases, often without knowing about their presence.

General signs

Let's look at the symptoms and features of the most common genitourinary infections. Any genitourinary infection is accompanied by the development of the following symptoms:

• soreness and discomfort in the organs of the genitourinary system;
• tingling sensation;
• the presence of discharge from the vagina in women, from the urethra in men and women;
• various urination disorders (burning, itching, difficulty, frequency, etc.);
• the appearance of unusual structures on the external genitalia (plaques, film, blisters, papillomas, condylomas).

In the event of a specific infection developing, the above symptoms are joined by:
1. Purulent discharge from the urethra or vagina.
2. Frequent urination due to gonorrhea or trichomoniasis.
3. An ulcer with dense edges and enlarged lymph nodes due to syphilis.

If the infection is nonspecific, then the symptoms may be more subtle and less noticeable. A viral infection leads to the appearance of certain unusual structures on the surface of the external genitalia - blisters, ulcers, condylomas, etc.

Symptoms and features of the course of various genitourinary infections
organs

Now let’s take a closer look at how this or that infection of the genitourinary system manifests itself, so that you can get your bearings and consult a doctor in time for qualified help.

Urethritis

This condition is an inflammation of the urethra. Urethritis develops acutely and is manifested by the following unpleasant symptoms:

• burning and sharp severe pain during urination;
• feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• increased burning and pain towards the end of the urination process;
• the burning sensation is localized in women mainly at the end of the urethra (outside), and in men - along the entire length of the urethra;
• frequent urge to urinate after 15-20 minutes;
• the appearance of discharge from the urethra of a mucous or mucopurulent nature, which causes redness of the surface of the skin of the perineum or penis around the external opening of the urethra;
• the appearance of drops of blood at the end of the urination process;
• adhesion of the external opening of the urethra;
• pain during erection in men;
• the appearance of leukocytes in large numbers in a general urine test;
• cloudy urine the color of “meat slop.”

Along with the listed specific symptoms of urethritis, general symptoms infectious disease - headaches, fatigue, weakness, sleep disturbance, etc.

Urethritis develops when a microorganism enters the lumen of the urethra as a result of sexual intercourse of any type (oral, vaginal or anal), the introduction of a microbe from the surface of the skin of the perineum, ignoring personal hygiene measures, or as a result of the introduction of bacteria with blood or lymph. The path of introduction of an infectious agent with blood and lymph into the urethra is most often observed in the presence of chronic foci of infection in the body, for example, periodontitis or tonsillitis.

Urethritis can occur acutely, subacutely and torpidly. In the acute course of urethritis, all the symptoms are severe, the clinical picture is clear, and the person experiences a significant deterioration in the quality of life. The subacute form of urethritis is characterized by mild symptoms, among which a slight burning sensation, tingling sensation during urination and a sensation of itching prevail. Other symptoms may be completely absent. The torpid form of urethritis is characterized by a periodic feeling of mild discomfort at the very beginning of urination. Torpid and subacute forms of urethritis present certain difficulties for diagnosis. From the urethra, a pathogenic microbe can rise higher and cause cystitis or pyelonephritis.

After the onset, urethritis occurs with damage to the mucous membrane of the urethra, as a result of which the epithelium degenerates into a different type. If therapy is started in time, urethritis can be completely cured. As a result, after treatment or self-healing, the urethral mucosa is restored, but only partially. Unfortunately, some areas of the altered mucous membrane of the urethra will remain forever. If urethritis is not cured, the process becomes chronic.

Chronic urethritis is sluggish, alternating periods of relative calm and exacerbations, the symptoms of which are the same as for acute urethritis. An exacerbation can have varying degrees of severity, and therefore varying intensity of symptoms. Typically, patients experience a slight burning and tingling sensation in the urethra during urination, itching, a small amount of mucopurulent discharge and sticking of the external opening of the urethra, especially after a night's sleep. There may also be an increase in the frequency of trips to the toilet.

Urethritis is most often caused by gonococci (gonorrheal), Escherichia coli, Ureaplasma or chlamydia.
More about urethritis

Cystitis

This disease is an inflammation of the bladder. Cystitis can develop due to a number of unfavorable factors:

• irregular urine output (stagnation);
• urolithiasis;
• neoplasms in the bladder;
• hypothermia;
• food with a large amount of smoked, salted and spicy foods in the diet;
• drinking alcohol;
• ignoring the rules of personal hygiene;
• introduction of an infectious agent from other organs (for example, kidneys or urethra).

Cystitis, like any other inflammatory process, can occur in acute or chronic form.

Acute cystitis is manifested by the following symptoms:

• frequent urination (every 10–15 minutes);
• small portions of urine excreted;
• cloudy urine;
• pain when urinating;
• pain of various types located above the pubis, intensifying towards the end of urination.

Pain above the pubis can be dull, pulling, cutting or burning. Cystitis in women is most often caused by Escherichia coli (80% of all cystitis) or staphylococcus (10–15% of all cystitis), which is part of the skin microflora. Less commonly, cystitis is caused by other microorganisms that can be carried through the blood or lymph flow, carried in from the urethra or kidneys.

Typically, cystitis is acute and responds well to treatment. Therefore, the development of repeated cystitis some time after the initial attack is due to secondary infection. However, acute cystitis may not result in a complete cure, but rather in chronicity of the process.

Chronic cystitis occurs with alternating periods of well-being and periodic exacerbations, the symptoms of which are identical to those of the acute form of the disease.
More about cystitis

Pyelonephritis

This disease is an inflammation of the renal pelvis. The first manifestation of pyelonephritis often develops during pregnancy, when the kidney is compressed by the enlarging uterus. Also, during pregnancy it almost always worsens. chronic pyelonephritis. In addition to these reasons, pyelonephritis can form as a result of infection from the bladder, urethra, or from other organs (for example, with sore throat, flu or pneumonia). Pyelonephritis can develop in both kidneys at the same time, or affect only one organ.

The first attack of pyelonephritis is usually acute and is characterized by the following symptoms:

• increase in temperature;
• pain on the side of the waist and abdomen;
• feeling of pulling in the stomach;
• A urine test reveals leukocytes, bacteria or casts.

As a result of adequate therapy, pyelonephritis can be cured. If the inflammation has not been adequately treated, the infection becomes chronic. Then the pathology basically proceeds without severe symptoms, sometimes disturbing with exacerbations of lower back pain, fever and poor urine analysis.

Vaginitis

This disease is an inflammation of the vaginal mucosa. Most often, vaginitis is combined with inflammation of the vaginal vestibule. This symptom complex is called vulvovaginitis. Vaginitis can develop under the influence of many microbes - chlamydia, gonococci, trichomonas, fungi, etc. However, vaginitis of any cause is characterized by the following symptoms:

• unusual vaginal discharge (increased amount, change in color or odor);
• itching, feeling of irritation of the vagina;
• pressure and feeling of fullness of the vagina;
• pain during sexual intercourse;
• pain during urination;
• easy bleeding;
• redness and swelling of the vulva and vagina.

Let's take a closer look at how the nature of discharge changes during vaginitis caused by different microbes:
1. Vaginitis caused by gonococcus causes the appearance of thick discharge that is purulent in nature and yellow-white in color.
2. Trichomonas vaginitis is characterized by discharge of a foamy structure, colored greenish-yellow.
3. Coccal vaginitis results in a yellow-white discharge.
4. Candidal vaginitis is characterized by a cheesy discharge colored gray-white.
5. Gardnerellosis gives the smell of rotten fish to vaginal discharge.

Acute vaginitis is characterized by severe symptoms, while chronic vaginitis is characterized by more subtle symptoms. The chronic form of the disease lasts for many years, recurring against the background of viral infections, hypothermia, drinking alcohol, during menstruation or pregnancy.
More about vaginitis

Adnexit

This disease is an inflammation of the ovaries in women, which can be acute or chronic. Acute adnexitis is characterized by the following symptoms:

• pain in the lower abdomen;
• pain in the lumbar region;
• increase in temperature;
• tense abdominal wall in the lower part;
• pressing on the abdomen is painful;
• sweating;
• headache;
• various urinary disorders;
• menstrual irregularities;
• pain during sexual intercourse.

Chronic adnexitis occurs with alternating periods of remissions and exacerbations. During periods of exacerbation, the symptoms of chronic adnexitis are the same as in the acute process. The negative factors are similar: fatigue, stress, cold, serious illnesses - all this leads to exacerbations of chronic adnexitis. Menstrual cycle changes noticeably:

• the appearance of pain during menstruation;
• increasing their number;
• increased duration of bleeding;
• Rarely, menstruation shortens and becomes scanty.

More about adnexitis

This disease is an inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which can be provoked by staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, Proteus, gonococci, Trichomonas, chlamydia and fungi. Typically, salpingitis is the result of the action of several microbes at the same time.

Microbes into the fallopian tubes can be brought from the vagina, appendix, sigmoid colon, or from other organs, through the blood or lymph. Acute salpingitis is manifested by the following symptoms:

• pain in the sacrum and lower abdomen;
• spread of pain to the rectum;
• rise in temperature;
• weakness;
• headache;
• urinary disorders;
• increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood.

The acute process gradually subsides, is completely cured or becomes chronic. Chronic salpingitis usually manifests itself constant pain in the lower abdomen in the absence of other symptoms. When the disease relapses, all the symptoms of the acute process develop again.
More about salpingitis

Prostatitis

This disease is an inflammation of the prostate gland in men. Prostatitis very often has a chronic course, and acute is quite rare. Men are concerned about urethral discharge that occurs during defecation or urination. There are also extremely unpleasant sensations that cannot be accurately described and characterized. They are combined with itching in the urethra, pain in the perineum, scrotum, groin, pubis or sacrum. In the morning, patients notice sticking of the outer part of the urethra. Prostatitis often leads to increased urination at night.
More about prostatitis

This disease is characterized by inflammation of the seminal vesicles in men, which usually develops against the background of prostatitis or epididymitis. The clinical picture of vesiculitis is very modest: men complain of pain in the pelvis, discomfort and a feeling of fullness in the perineum, mild soreness of the groin, sacrum and testicle. Sometimes there may be discomfort when urinating. Chronic vesiculitis impairs sexual function - erection weakness and early ejaculation occur. As a rule, vesiculitis is the result of a mixed infection.

Epididymitis

This disease is characterized by inflammation of the tissues of the epididymis. Epididymitis develops against the background of urethritis, prostatitis or vesiculitis. It can be acute, subacute and chronic. The pathology may be accompanied by the following clinical signs:

• redness of the skin of the scrotum;
• the scrotum on the affected side is hot to the touch;
• a tumor-like formation is felt in the scrotum;
• sexual dysfunction;
• deterioration in sperm quality.

More about epididymitis

Tests to detect genitourinary infections

To correctly diagnose a genitourinary infection, the doctor resorts to questioning, examination, palpation and listening, as well as instrumental and laboratory methods. During the questioning, the specialist clarifies in detail all the patient’s complaints, the duration of the symptoms, their characteristics, connection with any actions, etc. Then he examines the patient’s genitourinary organs, noting all the characteristics. Next, the patient may be referred for ultrasound, cystoscopy, urethroscopy, computed tomography etc.

One of the most important diagnostic tools is laboratory tests. To identify a genitourinary infection, it is necessary to undergo general and special (Nechiporenko test, three-glass, etc.) urine tests, a general blood test, blood biochemistry and a smear of the discharge of the urethra, vagina or rectum. Using a smear, you can determine the type of pathogen in the case of gonorrhea, trichomoniasis or syphilis. If these tests are not enough to determine the causative agent of the infection, then resort to the following methods:

• Serological reactions (RSK, MRP, RPGA, etc.);
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR);
• Bacteriological culture on the medium;
• Radioimmunoassay;
• Immunofluorescence reaction;
• The test is a provocation.

These methods make it possible to identify the type of causative agent of a genitourinary infection, determine its sensitivity to antibiotics, on the basis of which the doctor can prescribe effective treatment.

Principles of treatment

Treatment of genitourinary infections has several aspects:
1. It is necessary to use etiotropic therapy (drugs that kill the pathogenic microbe).
2. If possible, use immunostimulating medications.
3. It is rational to combine and take a number of medications (for example, painkillers) that reduce unpleasant symptoms that significantly reduce the quality of life.

The choice of a specific etiotropic drug (antibiotic, sulfonamide, uroantiseptic) is determined by the type of pathogenic microbe and the characteristics of the pathological process: its severity, localization, volume of damage. In some complex cases of mixed infection, surgical intervention will be required, during which the affected area is removed, since the microbes that caused the pathological process are very difficult to neutralize and stop the further spread of the infection. Depending on the severity of the genitourinary tract infection, medications may be taken by mouth, intramuscularly, or intravenously.

In addition to systemic antibacterial agents, in the treatment of genitourinary infections, local antiseptic agents (potassium permanganate solution, chlorhexidine, iodine solution, etc.) are often used, which are used to treat the affected surfaces of organs.

If there is a suspicion of a severe infection caused by several microorganisms, doctors prefer to administer strong antibiotics intravenously - Ampicillin, Ceftazidime, etc. If urethritis or cystitis occurs without complications, then it is enough to take a course of Bactrim or Augmentin tablets.

When a person is re-infected after complete recovery, the course of treatment is identical to the course for a primary acute infection. But if we are talking about a chronic infection, then the course of treatment will be longer - at least 1.5 months, since a shorter period of treatment medicines does not allow you to completely remove the microbe and stop inflammation. Most often, re-infection occurs in women, so representatives of the fairer sex are recommended to use antiseptic solutions (for example, chlorhexidine) after sexual contact for prevention. In men, as a rule, the infectious agent remains in the prostate for quite a long time, so they often experience relapses rather than repeated infections.

Medicines that are often used to treat major genitourinary infections in men and women and that have a good therapeutic effect are presented in the table:

Control over cure

After a course of treatment for any infectious pathology of the genitourinary organs, it is necessary to do a control bacteriological culture of urine on the medium. In case of chronic infection, the culture should be repeated three months after the end of the course of therapy.

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Infections of the genitourinary system in women are pathological effects caused by specific harmful microorganisms. Urinary tract diseases are characterized by inflammation, which is easily cured by initial stage or if the signs are ignored, it becomes chronic. Which doctor treats diseases? The answer depends only on the area of ​​the genitourinary system and its stage. This could be a therapist, urologist, gynecologist, infectious disease specialist, or even a surgeon.

Urinary tract infections in women are associated with a short urethra, which is near the anus. Men have a completely different body structure and are less prone to genitourinary infections. Often many diseases do not even manifest themselves, but men act as carriers of infection. And chaotic and unprotected intimate relationships become the first cause of diseases of the urinary system.

Urogenital infections in women

Infections of the genitourinary system in women are pathological effects caused by specific harmful microorganisms. Urinary tract diseases are characterized by inflammation, which is easy to cure in the initial stage or, if the signs are ignored, becomes chronic. Which doctor treats diseases? The answer depends only on the area of ​​the genitourinary system and its stage. This could be a therapist, urologist, gynecologist, infectious disease specialist, or even a surgeon.

Possible infectious diseases

The most common diseases of the genitourinary system:

What caused it?

• Genital herpes. A viral genitourinary infection acquired during sexual intercourse through small wounds or cracks. Once they enter the body, they remain for life as latent infections, and manifest themselves under favorable conditions.
• Chlamydia. This infection spreads only during sexual intercourse from an infected person.
• Urethritis. It can even occur due to organ trauma.
• Vaginitis. Caused by an infection that is transmitted through sexual intercourse or existing fungal diseases.
• Gonorrhea. An infection in the genitourinary system can be detected after sexual intercourse without using a contraceptive. It is easy to cure the disease if it is detected in time, otherwise the consequences are very serious.

Causative agents of inflammation

Urinary tract infections in women often appear after unprotected and promiscuous sexual relations. Urinary tract infections can be caused by the following microorganisms: gonococcus, ureaplasma, treponema pallidum, mycoplasma, trichomonas, chlamydia, fungi and viruses. All harmful microbes cause inflammation. As a message, the body sends signals of illness as symptoms.

Types of infections

Diseases of the urinary system are caused by many infections. Depending on the location, infections are divided into:

• Upper genitourinary tract infections (pyelonephritis).
• Infections of the lower genitourinary organs (cystitis and urethritis).

Infections are also distinguished by origin:

• Uncomplicated. There is no outflow of urine, no functional disorders are observed.
• Complicated. Functional activity is impaired, anomalies are observed.
• Hospital. The infection develops during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures on the patient.
• Out-of-hospital. Organ infections are not associated with medical intervention.

Regarding the symptoms of infectious diseases, pathologies are divided into the following types:

• clinical;
• asymptomatic;
• hidden genitourinary infections.

Transmission of infection and causes

Based on the above, kidney and urinary tract infections are acquired under the following conditions:

• Unprotected intimate relationships (the most common infections).
• Ascending infection, as a result of neglect of hygiene.
• Through lymphatic and blood vessels when inflammatory diseases begin to progress (for example, dental caries, influenza, pneumonia, intestinal diseases).

The cause of diseases of the genitourinary system and kidneys is:

• metabolic disorders;
• hypothermia of the body;
• stressful situations;
• promiscuous intimate relationships.

Characteristic symptoms

Diseases of the genitourinary tract are characterized by certain symptoms. In inflammatory processes, diagnosis is necessary. All diseases progress differently, but the main manifestations are:

• pain;
• discomfort and anxiety that disturb the genitourinary tract;
• itching, burning and tingling;
• discharge;
• problematic urination;
• rashes on the genitals;
• neoplasms (papillomas and condylomas).

Diagnostic procedures and tests

It is easy to prevent diseases of the kidneys and urinary organs in humans; you need to take a general blood and urine test at least once a year. Harmful bacteria will initially be visible in the urine. Diagnostics will help to identify or prevent infection and disease in advance. If there is a deterioration in health, a specialist should immediately examine the person. Ultrasound and X-ray examination of the kidneys and bladder will also help to identify structural changes. This can be ultrasound, urography, cystography, nephroscintigraphy, cystoscopy and tomography.

Applicable treatment for urinary tract infections

Treatment of the genitourinary system consists of mandatory use of antibiotics. The specialist always determines an individual approach, so you need to strictly adhere to the recommendations in order to avoid possible side effects. For treatment, a complex technique can be used, for example, medications and herbs. It is necessary to follow a diet that excludes the consumption of irritating elements. During treatment, it is important to maintain a drinking regime.

Antibacterial drugs

Antibiotics will help relieve inflammation. The following antibiotics are used for treatment: Ceftriaxone, Norfloxacin, Augmentin, Amoxiclav, Monural, Canephron. Drugs are selected according to the principles:

1. The medicine must be directly excreted through the kidneys.
2. The drug must actively influence pathogens of uropathogenic flora.
3. Therapy should be selected in such a way as to have the most effective result with minimal consequences.

In women, the genital organs include the uterus with fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina, and vulva.

The organs of the urinary and reproductive systems are closely related due to the peculiarities of their anatomical structure. Inflammation of the genitourinary organs occurs quite often in both men and women.

Diseases

Due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the genitourinary system of women, infection of the genitourinary tract by pathogenic microorganisms occurs much more often in them than in men. Female risk factors - age, pregnancy, childbirth. Because of this, the walls of the pelvis from below weaken and lose their ability to support organs at the required level.

Ignoring the rules of personal hygiene also contributes to inflammation of the organs of the system.

Among the inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, the most common are:

Moreover, chronic forms of diseases are more common, the symptoms of which are absent during remission.

Urethritis

Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra. Symptoms of this disease are:

• painful difficulty urinating, during which a burning sensation appears; the number of urges to go to the toilet increases;
• discharge from the urethra, which leads to redness and sticking of the urethral opening;
• a high level of leukocytes in the urine, which indicates the presence of a focus of inflammation, but there are no traces of the pathogen.

Depending on the pathogen that caused urethritis, the disease is divided into two types:

• specific infectious urethritis, for example, as a result of the development of gonorrhea;
• nonspecific urethritis, the causative agents of which are chlamydia, ureaplasma, viruses and other microorganisms (pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic).

In addition, the cause of inflammation may not be an infection, but a banal allergic reaction or injury after incorrect catheter insertion.

Cystitis

Cystitis is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder. This disease is more common in women than in men. The cause of infectious cystitis is E. coli, chlamydia or ureaplasma. However, the entry of these pathogens into the body does not necessarily cause disease. Risk factors are:

• prolonged sitting, frequent constipation, preference for tight clothing, as a result of which blood circulation in the pelvic area is impaired;
• deterioration of immunity;
• irritating effects on the walls of the bladder of substances that are part of urine (when eating spicy or overcooked foods);
• menopause;
• diabetes mellitus;
• congenital pathologies;
• hypothermia.

If there is an inflammatory process in other organs of the genitourinary system, there is a high probability of infection entering the bladder.

The acute form of cystitis is manifested by a frequent urge to urinate, the process becomes painful, and the amount of urine decreases sharply. Appearance urine changes, in particular, transparency disappears. Pain also appears between urges in the pubic area. It is dull, cutting or burning in nature. In severe cases, in addition to these symptoms, fever, nausea and vomiting appear.

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of the renal pelvis is the most dangerous among other infections of the genitourinary system. A common cause of pyelonephritis in women is a violation of the outflow of urine, which occurs during pregnancy due to an enlarged uterus and pressure on nearby organs.

In men, this disease is a complication of prostate adenoma; in children, it is a complication of influenza, pneumonia, etc.

Acute pyelonephritis develops suddenly. First, the temperature rises sharply and weakness, headache and chills appear. Sweating increases. Associated symptoms may include nausea and vomiting. If left untreated, there are two ways to develop the disease:

• transition to a chronic form;
• the development of suppurative processes in the organ (signs of such are sudden changes in temperature and deterioration of the patient’s condition).

Endometritis

This disease is characterized by an inflammatory process in the uterus. Caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, E. coli and other microbes. The penetration of infection into the uterine cavity is facilitated by ignoring the rules of hygiene, promiscuous sexual intercourse, and a decrease in general immunity.

In addition, inflammation can develop as a result of complicated surgical interventions, such as abortion, probing or hysteroscopy.

The main symptoms of the disease are:

• increase in temperature;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• vaginal discharge (bloody or purulent).

Cervicitis

Inflammation of the cervix occurs as a result of infection entering its cavity, which is sexually transmitted. Viral diseases can also provoke the development of cervicitis: herpes, papilloma, etc. Any damage (during childbirth, abortion, medical procedures) causes the disease due to a violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane.

Clinical manifestations are typical for the inflammatory process:

• discomfort during sexual intercourse, sometimes pain;
• mucous vaginal discharge;
• discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen;
• rise in temperature, general malaise.

Colpitis

Colpitis, or vaginitis, is an inflammation of the vagina, which is caused by trichomonas, candida fungi, herpes viruses, and E. coli. The patient complains of symptoms:

• discharge;
• heaviness in the lower abdomen or vaginal area;
• burning;
• discomfort during urination.

During the examination, the doctor observes hyperemia, swelling of the mucous membrane, rashes, and pigment formations. In some cases, erosive areas appear.

Vulvitis

Inflammation of the external genital organs. These include the pubis, labia, hymen (or its remains), vestibule of the vagina, Bartholin's glands, and bulb. Vulvitis is caused by infectious pathogens: streptococci, Escherichia coli, chlamydia, etc.

Provoking factors are:

• oral sex;
• taking antibiotics, hormonal agents and drugs that suppress the immune system;
• diabetes mellitus;
• leukemia;
• oncological diseases;
• inflammatory processes in other organs of the genitourinary system;
• urinary incontinence;
• frequent masturbation;
• taking an excessively hot bath;
• lack of personal hygiene.

The presence of an inflammatory process can be detected by the following symptoms:

• redness of the skin;
• swelling;
• pain in the vulva area;
• burning and itching;
• the presence of blisters, plaque, ulcers.

Prostatitis

Inflammation of the prostate gland. The chronic form of the disease affects about 30% of men aged 20 to 50 years. There are two groups depending on the cause of occurrence:

• infectious prostatitis caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi;
• congestive prostatitis, which occurs due to corresponding processes in the prostate gland (due to impaired sexual activity, sedentary work, preference for tight underwear, alcohol abuse).

There are risk factors that additionally provoke the development of the inflammatory process. These include:

• decreased immunity;
• hormonal imbalances;
• inflammatory processes in nearby organs.

The disease can be identified by characteristic symptoms. The patient feels unwell, which may be accompanied by fever, complains of pain in the perineum and frequent urge to urinate. The chronic form of prostatitis can be asymptomatic and appear only during periods of exacerbation.

Diagnostics

Before prescribing treatment, patients with suspected inflammation of the genitourinary system require a urological examination.

• ultrasound examination of the kidneys and bladder;
• urine and blood tests;
• It is possible to perform cystoscopy, computed tomography, pyelography according to individual indications.

The results of the examination determine what diagnosis will be made and what treatment will be prescribed to the patient.

Treatment

To stop the inflammatory process, medications are used.

The goal of etiological treatment is to eliminate the cause of the disease. To do this, you need to correctly determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibacterial agents. Frequent causative agents of urinary tract infections are Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Proteus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The selection of the drug takes into account the type of pathogen and the individual characteristics of the patient’s body. Antibiotics are more often prescribed wide range actions. The selectivity of these drugs is high, the toxic effect on the body is minimal.

Symptomatic treatment is aimed at eliminating general and local symptoms of the disease.

During treatment, the patient is under strict medical supervision.

You can speed up the healing process by following these rules:

• Drink enough water per day and at least 1 tbsp. cranberry juice without sugar.
• Eliminate salty and spicy foods from your diet.
• Limit the consumption of sweets and starchy foods during treatment.
• Maintain hygiene of the external genitalia.
• Use acid soap (Lactofil or Femina).
• Cancel visits to public bodies of water, including hot tubs and swimming pools.
• Avoid frequent changes of sexual partners.

Attention should also be paid to improving immunity. This will avoid relapse of the disease.

Inflammation of the genitourinary system is a common problem in modern society. Therefore, regular examinations and preventive visits to the doctor should become the norm.

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Diseases of the genitourinary system in women

Common diseases of the genitourinary system in women.

To take care of your health, you must first of all have an idea of ​​the structure of your body. In women, the organs of the genitourinary system are extremely vulnerable, the diseases are very unpleasant and easily flow from acute to chronic forms. Knowing the symptoms when infections occur will make it easier for a woman to protect herself from them.

The organs of the female genitourinary system include:

The female genitourinary system consists of the genital and excretory organs. The main difference from the male one is the length of the urethra (the female one is about five cm, and the male one is about twenty cm). Consequently, inflammatory processes bother women more often than men. With the same disease, it is usually more difficult for a woman to recover.

Infections – main reasons inflammation. It can be urological or gynecological in nature. And if the organs of both systems are in close proximity, then the infection can affect both. If the first symptoms occur, a woman should consult a specialist; if left untreated, severe complications may occur. The consequences of infectious diseases can be ectopic pregnancy, infertility, etc.

INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN

Symptoms of inflammation that occurs in the female genitourinary system may differ. Reproductive and urinary organs female system are closely located and interact with each other. Well, when inflammation begins in one place, it quickly spreads to organs that are located nearby.

DISEASES OF THE GINOROGENITAL SYSTEM IN WOMEN

Cystitis in women. Symptoms Video

Cystitis (inflammation of the bladder) is characterized by frequent urge to urinate, pain when urinating in the lower abdomen. The urine is often cloudy and mixed with blood. The patient may have a feeling of emptying an incomplete bladder. A complicated form of cystitis leads to the development of pyelonephritis. The patient complains of pain in the lumbar region, change in the color of urine, chills, fever, which has a foul odor, etc.

Almost every woman has encountered this unpleasant disease, characterized by cutting pain when urinating and a feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen. In case of exacerbation of cystitis, there may be blood discharge in the urine, severe pain, a significant increase in T. By the way, unpleasant sensations in the urethra are a common phenomenon and may indicate various diseases, not being a characteristic sign of just one. More often, women suffer from cystitis; their urethra is short and located near the anus and vagina, which easily allows microbes to enter the bladder.

If proper attention is not paid to cystitis treatment, then it can “grow” into inflammation of the renal pelvis - pyelonephritis. Symptoms of cystitis will include lower back pain, nausea, and swelling.

Bacterial sexually transmitted infections include: syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, ureaplasma and mycoplasma.

Viral infections include genital herpes, condylomas, and cytomegalovirus infection.

Infections are predominantly transmitted sexually; infection through domestic and transplacental transmission is possible.

Microorganisms and bacteria affect the genitourinary system and have an adverse effect on the reproductive function of women.

DISEASES OF THE GINOROGENITAL SYSTEM IN WOMEN, TREATMENT

Bacterial vaginosis (vaginitis), symptoms and prevention. Video

With this disease, a woman feels pain during sexual intercourse, a burning sensation in the vagina and urethra, discharge is present (with acute vaginitis, the discharge is abundant and the pain is quite sharp; in the form of chronic pain, it may go away completely and rarely appear, but the disease manifests itself with new force during hypothermia, stress, etc.)

Treatment of any “female” disease should be carried out under the supervision of a gynecologist. Self-medication is dangerous and can be as bad as if left untreated. Any bacterial infection can be treated with antibiotics. For diseases of the urinary system, herbal infusions and decoctions are used as a supplement to the main therapy, and you can drink them to remove the infection from the body, and do douching.

Gonorrhea in women. Symptoms Video

Gonorrhea. Its causative agent is gonococcus, which affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract and genital organs. The process of inflammation spreads to different parts of the genitourinary system. The main symptoms of gonorrhea: inflammation in the vaginal area, presence of mucopurulent discharge from the cervical canal, pain when urinating, swelling of the urethra, itching in the vagina.

Genital herpes in women. Symptoms Video

Genital herpes. Unlike other sexually transmitted infections, it is characterized by the appearance of small bubbles containing cloudy liquid on the mucous membrane. Their formation is preceded by itching, burning and redness in the localized area. In addition, the patient's lymph nodes become enlarged, T appears, and pain appears in the muscles.

Condylomas. Gynecology. Symptoms Video

Condylomatosis. This disease is characterized by condylomas occurring in the vaginal area. The causative agent is papilloma viral infection. Condylomas are small warts that gradually grow, cauliflower reminding.

Syphilis in women. Symptoms Video

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, the causative agent of which is Treponema pallidum. chancre appears on the patient's mucous membranes, and the lymph nodes become enlarged. There are primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis, which differ in the degree of localization on the mucous membrane of the treponemes.

Chlamydia in a woman. Symptoms Video

Chlamydia. The main symptom is the presence of chlamydia in the body; pale yellow discharge appears from the genitals, pain is felt during urination, sexual intercourse, pain before menstruation. The main danger of chlamydia is that complications can lead to damage to the uterus and appendages in a woman.

Ureaplasmosis in women. Symptoms Video

Ureaplasmosis. This microorganism, ureaplasma urealiticum, causes the appearance of ureaplasmosis, but if it enters the body for a long time, it does not make itself felt. The disease is almost asymptomatic, and therefore women rarely pay attention to minor changes in the body. After the end of the incubation period, the patient is bothered by a burning sensation during urination, the appearance of mucous discharge, and pain in the lower abdomen. When immunity decreases, any physical factors (stress, colds, hypothermia, physical activity large) the infection is activated.

DISEASES OF THE GINOROGENITAL ORGANS

Mycoplasmosis. Symptoms in women. Video

Mycoplasmosis. The disease manifests itself in the form of colorless, white or yellow discharge, and a burning sensation during urination. After sexual intercourse, pain often appears in the groin area. With weakened immunity, mycoplasmosis pathogens can be transferred to other organs (urinary tract, kidneys, urethra).

Most infections are asymptomatic, passing over time from the acute stage to the chronic form.

If certain symptoms appear, you must visit a gynecologist for a qualified diagnosis, treatment and elimination of the infection.

Thrush (candidiasis). Symptoms Video

Thrush (candidiasis). This is a fungal disease, most common in women. The main reason is personal hygiene rules, non-compliance and disruption of the normal vaginal microflora (for example, after long-term antibiotic use). When urinating, thrush is accompanied by a burning sensation, severe itching, white cheesy discharge, and redness of the labia minora. It is treated simply (flucostat or fluconazole, vaginal suppositories). The disease is not dangerous and does not have serious consequences, but it causes a lot of discomfort, and it is better not to delay treatment and cure it quickly (medicines are sold in any pharmacy and are very inexpensive).

Urethritis in a woman. Symptoms Video

Urethritis. Sharp pain with urethritis, the patient is bothered by mucus discharge from the urethra before urinating, sometimes mixed with pus and with a characteristic odor. A woman can get an infection into the urethra, and then into the bladder, if she does not follow the rules of personal hygiene. This can also happen during sexual intercourse or as a result of trauma to the vulva. Symptoms of urethritis are much less common; cystitis develops more often, since the urethra is very short. Even when an infection gets into it, it is washed out from there by a powerful stream of urine.

Read more about traditional treatment diseases of the female genitourinary system:

Diseases of the genitourinary system in women. Video.

New articles

Cystitis in women and drugs for its treatment

Cystitis is one of the most “popular” urological diseases. It is more common in young women. Even without treatment, unpleasant symptoms may disappear, but the disease cannot be left unattended. Advanced infectious inflammation can cause serious damage to the genitourinary system.

What is cystitis

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder or a urinary infection that leads to inflammation of the mucous membrane. Most often, the causative agent of the disease is E. coli, less often - infections.

Women more often suffer from cystitis due to anatomical features: their urinary canal is wider and shorter, and it is easier for the stick to get into the mucous membrane. A stick that gets into the urinary tract destroys the mucous membrane. Bleeding ulcers appear on it. Without necessary treatment the process spreads throughout the body, moving to the kidneys.

Cystitis is often called a “cold” disease: it is believed that it occurs due to hypothermia. This is not so: the pathogen enters the urethra from the rectum. Cold weather can be a favorable factor and accelerate the inflammatory process by reducing immunity.

TO related reasons also include:

• stagnation of urine;
• difficult childbirth;
• pregnancy;
• surgeries on the urinary system;
• avitaminosis;
• poor nutrition;
• hormonal disorders;
• non-compliance with hygiene rules.

Acute cystitis can also occur after unprotected sexual intercourse with an untested partner. In this case, the causative agent will be chlamydia.

Symptoms and signs

At acute form The symptoms of the disease are pronounced; during chronic cystitis, the signs are blurred and may not cause much discomfort. The first obvious sign of cystitis is discomfort when urinating. A burning sensation appears in the urethra, and the process of emptying the bladder is delayed.

• frequent false urge to urinate;
• pain in the external genital area;
• pain in the lower abdomen;
• cloudy sediment in the urine;
• increase in temperature;
• weakness;
• unpleasant odor;
• feeling of incomplete emptying;
• general malaise.

In advanced cases, blood appears in the urine. The further the inflammatory process progresses, the more often the symptoms recur. If at the initial stage the urge to urinate occurs every 1-1.5 hours, then later the time is reduced to minutes. The pain syndrome first appears during urinary emptying, and then constantly.

Forms of the disease

There are two forms of cystitis: acute and chronic. In the first case, the inflammatory process is a “one-time” one, in the second, clinical cases appear more than twice a year. Chronic inflammation is one of the most common causes of functional and structural changes in the bladder.

In rare cases, a third form is diagnosed - indolent cystitis. It does not have any characteristic pronounced exacerbations. Main sign– frequent urination, characterized by discomfort and a slight burning sensation.

Acute cystitis has two forms. It is divided into:

Primary occurs due to infection, secondary often develops due to diseases of nearby organs or the bladder.

Possible complications

Under favorable conditions, the symptoms of primary acute cystitis can go away on their own. For many women, this is a reason to refuse a visit to the doctor. But the disappearance of obvious signs of the disease is not always evidence that the inflammatory process has been stopped.

If the infection remains in the urinary tract, hemorrhagic cystitis may develop. It occurs due to severe destruction of the mucous membrane. Vascular permeability increases and hemorrhage occurs. The most obvious sign of such a complication is urine with a rich red tint and sharp sharp pain in the lower abdomen.

The following negative consequences are possible:

• iron deficiency anemia;
• bladder dysfunction;
• overgrowth of walls with connective tissue;
• urinary incontinence;
• bladder rupture;
• peritonitis;
• pyelonephritis.

If sexually transmitted infections are associated with cystitis, age increases the risk of adhesions of the fallopian tubes, which becomes the cause of infertility. In addition, the disease significantly reduces immunity. The body loses its ability to resist disease and infection.

Necessary diagnostics

At the first symptoms of cystitis, you should consult a therapist or urologist. In some cases, the diagnosis can be made after the first visit, solely based on the patient’s complaints. The prescribed treatment is carried out at home under the supervision of a doctor.

To confirm the diagnosis it is necessary to undergo a series of tests. This should be done before using any medications: they begin to act quickly, and the very next day the clinical picture may change and affect the research results.

Symptoms characteristic of cystitis overlap with signs of other pathologies - urolithiasis, sexually transmitted diseases, uterine cancer or tumor processes in the urinary tract. All these diseases can be excluded only after receiving test results.

• urine;
• blood;
• a smear from the vaginal or cervical mucosa;
• cystoscopy;
• Ultrasound of the genitourinary system.

Additionally, in controversial cases, a biopsy may be required.

Traditional treatment

The following drugs are used to treat female cystitis:

In most cases, the main “bet” is on antibiotics. You cannot choose a medicine on your own. When selecting, the doctor takes into account many factors, from the patient’s age to the clinical picture of the disease. The duration of the course is of particular importance: extra pills “hit” the body, and untreated inflammation is dangerous due to secondary exacerbation.

Before use, you should carefully study the instructions, paying attention to contraindications. Some products are allowed to be used even by children (for example, Nolitsin), others are prohibited for people with kidney failure, allergies, and pregnant or lactating women.

To relieve the most unpleasant symptoms of cystitis (pain and burning), antispasmodics and analgesics are needed - Papaverine and No-shpa (Drotaverine). Herbal medicines help restore normal microflora: Cyston, Phytolysin, Canephron, Spasmocystenal. Vitamin and mineral complexes are used to stimulate the immune system.

For chronic cystitis it is necessary:

• normalize hormonal disorders;
• support the immune system;
• eliminate structural pathologies of the urinary tract;
• activate blood supply to affected organs;
• adjust personal hygiene rules.

During an exacerbation, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are used.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies can relieve pain and stop inflammation, but they are prohibited from completely replacing recommended drug therapy. When choosing a suitable recipe, you need to focus on its composition: if you are allergic to at least one component, you should avoid using it. If possible, you should consult with your doctor about the chosen method of auxiliary treatment.

• rosehip roots: two tablespoons are poured with hot water and boiled for 15 minutes. After two hours, the cooled broth is filtered. You need to drink everything in a day, dividing the liquid four times. Consume before meals for one week.
• dry or fresh celandine herb: 150 gr. plants are crushed in a blender. The resulting pulp is wrapped in a bandage or gauze and immersed in a liter jar of warm water. Leave for three hours, drink a third of a glass every three hours.
• lingonberry leaves: two teaspoons per glass of boiling water, heat over medium heat, cool and strain. Drink in small sips four times a day. You cannot store the decoction; you need to prepare a new one every day. Use until symptoms disappear.
• bedstraw herb: four tablespoons of dry herb per glass of boiling water. Cool at room temperature. Drink half a glass before meals. The course is two weeks.

If cystitis worsens, it is recommended to stay in bed and avoid exercise. You need to follow a simple diet: exclude foods with high levels of calcium (milk, kefir, cheeses and yoghurts) and add as many fresh vegetables and fruits to your diet as possible.

Drinking should be plentiful and natural - blueberry, cranberry or lingonberry fruit drinks or non-carbonated mineral water at room temperature are suitable. Bad habits during this period they are especially dangerous - they undermine the already impaired immunity. Alcohol that is incompatible with medications is completely prohibited.

Prevention

To avoid recurrent illness, you need to carefully monitor your health. Even mild colds require urgent treatment. Secondary cystitis can be provoked by problematic teeth, dysbacteriosis or tonsillitis.

To avoid stagnant processes in the pelvis, you need to move as much as possible. This is especially true for office workers. Although once an hour a small warm-up is done, consisting of bending over, squats and calm walking. It is better to abandon the elevator in favor of the stairs.

When washing, it is undesirable to use scented soaps and gels with a large amount of fragrances: they negatively affect the mucous membrane, drying it out. You need to visit the bath at least once a day and change your linen regularly. During menstrual periods, tampons are replaced with sanitary pads.

Tight underwear made of synthetic fabrics often provokes circulatory problems in the pelvic organs. If you are prone to cystitis, the choice is made in favor of comfortable cotton panties.

At least twice a year you should make preventive visits to a gynecologist and urologist. Secondary cystitis is rarely an independent disease. In order to block the inflammatory process in the urinary tract in a timely manner, the underlying disease must be identified in a timely manner.

First aid for cystitis

Of course, at the first signs of cystitis you should immediately consult a doctor. But at the initial stage, the disease often goes unnoticed, and the obvious symptoms are so acute that they are impossible to tolerate. To quickly get rid of pain, antispasmodics or any suitable painkillers are suitable - Drotaverine, Ketorol, Pentalgin, Nurofen.

To provoke the removal of infection from the urinary tract, drink plenty of warm fluids - at least two liters of fluid per day. Avoid strong tea, coffee, soda and packaged store-bought juices during the problem period.

Despite the abundance of antibiotics that are effective for cystitis, you should not prescribe them yourself. Replace medicines it is better to use natural decoctions of calendula, bearberry, chamomile, lingonberry, nettle, St. John's wort and yarrow.

New on the site

Be sure to consult with your healthcare provider.

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system in women include a whole group of diseases that can be localized in different organs. These diseases are united by similar symptoms, causes, and the ease with which the process moves to another part of the system.

That is why these diseases are often considered in unity - because of the common approaches to treatment, prevention and the possibility of joining one pathology to another.

Inflammation of the genitourinary system develops much more often in women than in men (almost 5 times). The reason for this is the proximity of the anus, vagina and urethral outlet, as well as the short ureter. Therefore, bacterial infection and the inflammatory process easily spread to a neighboring organ.

Inflammation is the body's way of fighting invading pathogens. An increase in temperature is a protective reaction and evidence of the immune system working against infection.

Inflammation of the genitourinary system is caused by:

1. Hypothermia of the body, reducing the defenses. This common reason MPS diseases in women. Clothes that are out of season, sitting on the ground and stones, washing with cold water, constantly freezing feet in inappropriate shoes.
2. , transmitted through sexual intercourse, as well as microtraumas of the genital organs received during sex.
3. Insufficient hygiene of the external part of the MPS, which contributes to the occurrence of infection and the rise of the source of infection in an ascending manner to the internal organs.
4. The transition of inflammatory processes with the flow of blood and lymph from other organs and systems. In particular, intestinal inflammation or constipation, pneumonia can lead to the spread of the disease to the internal organs of the MPS.

Infection often occurs during swimming in open water or visiting public baths. The infection easily penetrates the vagina and spreads further. An easy way for infection is created by wearing short skirts and thongs together. With such a union, the outer part of the MPS is open to all infections.

Most dangerous reasons There may also be cancer.

Attention: untimely initiation of treatment provokes a rapid spread of inflammation to neighboring organs, increasing the volume of damage.

What symptoms accompany this inflammation?

Signs of the disease appear some time after the infection enters the body. They have some specific features, depending on the pathogen and location. However, we can say that there are general symptoms of inflammation of the genitourinary system in women.

These include:

1. Urinary disorders - frequent urge, difficulty emptying the bladder, pain and stinging. Sometimes itching, heaviness and burning are observed. Change in color and odor of urine, bloody spots.
2. Genital organs – rashes and neoplasms on the mucous membranes, atypical vaginal discharge with a pungent odor, swelling.
3. Pain is localized in the lumbar back, lower abdomen, and appears when urinating.
4. Common signs of intoxication are fever, weakness, headaches, sleep disturbances, nausea and dizziness.

Many women experience discomfort during sexual intercourse and lack of desire.

Diseases that are classified as inflammation of the MPS can be divided into two groups:

• The most common pathologies of the urinary tract:
  • cystitis;
  • pyelonephritis;
• Common diseases of the reproductive system:
  • vaginitis, vulvovaginitis;
  • thrush;
  • adnexitis;
  • chlamydia;
  • gonorrhea;
  • syphilis.

These and some other, less common diseases are classified as inflammation of the MPS.

To prescribe effective treatment for inflammation of the genitourinary system in women, it is not enough to determine the symptoms; it is necessary to identify the causative agent and the location of the process.

Diagnosis

Due to the relationship between the genital and urinary organs, you may have to be treated by more than one specialist. Diseases are treated by a gynecologist, nephrologist, urologist, venereologist, neurologist.

Before deciding how to treat inflammation of the genitourinary system in women, the following examinations may be prescribed:

• general urine and blood analysis;
• blood for biochemistry;
• bacterial culture of urine to determine the pathogen and prescribe an antibiotic;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• vaginal smear examination;
• It is possible to perform CT, MRI, cystoscopy, urography, radiography with a contrast agent.

After the research, it will become clear which specialist will treat inflammation of the genitourinary system.

Drug treatment

Diagnostics allows you to identify the causative agent of the infection and select drugs to eliminate it. Taking antibiotics is mandatory.

Drugs for inflammation of the genitourinary system in women:

• antibiotics - to suppress the pathogen. These are Augmentin (Amoxicillin), Ceftriaxone, Monural;
• diuretics – Canephron;
• antispasmodics and analgesics to reduce pain No-shpa, Baralgin;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – Ibuprofen.

Attention: during treatment it is necessary to take blood and urine tests to determine the effectiveness of the drugs used and timely adjustment of methods.

Which often develops in women, drugs from the penicillin group (Amosin), fluoroquinolones, and the tetracycline group are prescribed. The course of treatment is 5-10 days, depending on the amount of inflammation.

In severe cases, if paresis (partial muscle paralysis) of the bladder develops due to inflammation of the genitourinary system, treatment may be replaced with more effective ones.

For pyelonephritis, cephalosporins (Cephalexin), fluoroquinolones, and penicillins are prescribed.

Inflammation of the genital organs:

1. For adnexitis, antibiotics from different groups are often combined, prescribed in pairs. Local antiseptics for baths and compresses.
2. For salpingitis, the combined use of drugs (Gentamicin, Cefotaxime) is also used. Anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin E, anti-adhesive agents – Lidaza.

When treating inflammation of the genitourinary system in women, suppositories are often used - rectal and vaginal.

They are an additional means of local therapy. Suppositories reinforce the action of antibiotics and have the following effects:

1. Antiviral and antimicrobial - act on infectious agents and prevent their spread.
2. Anti-inflammatory – reduce the intensity of the process, relieve swelling and pain.

They are recommended to be used at night, but in severe cases, during bed rest, administration every 4 hours is possible. Using suppositories instead of taking oral medications reduces the load on the digestive tract.

Only a doctor can decide whether it is worth replacing tablets and injections with suppositories.

When treating MPS diseases, diet must be followed. It is aimed at reducing salt consumption and obtaining the required amount of clean water (up to 1.5 liters). Instead of water, you can drink rosehip infusion or fruit drinks. Recommended diets are Nos. 6 and 7.

Treatment with folk remedies

Medicinal herbs, as well as fruits, vegetables and berries, are widely used in folk medicine to reduce inflammation and pain.

1. Watermelon rind is dried and added in small portions to drinks and decoctions to improve urine excretion.
2. Pour a glass of boiling water over the decoction of birch leaves (4 tablespoons) or buds (2 tablespoons), leave for an hour, adding soda on the tip of a knife. Take 0.5 cups 3 times a day.
3. Drink 0.5 cups of pumpkin juice 3 times a day.

Is surgery required for inflammation?

Diseases are treated with conservative methods, medications and injections. If during hardware examinations (ultrasound) no urolithiasis or dangerous pathologies in the structure of the MPS are detected, surgical treatment will not be required.

Possible complications

Failure to see a doctor in a timely manner and poor quality treatment can lead to dangerous diseases. Women often refuse to take antibiotics for inflammation of the genitourinary system, hoping to get by with folk remedies.

However, these funds are not enough to destroy the pathogen. As a result, you may develop:

• endomyometritis, panmetritis;
• infertility.

An untreated disease will certainly return again and may become chronic. After treatment with antibiotics, it is necessary to restore the vaginal microflora.

Methods for preventing the inflammatory process

The prescribed treatment must be completed. Many women stop taking medications immediately after relief occurs, not wanting to overload the body with unnecessary chemicals.

However, you should know that the timing and dosage of the drugs are designed to completely extinguish the inflammatory process. Early refusal of treatment is fraught with the return of the disease.

In addition, women need to remember that after treatment for inflammation of the genitourinary system, extreme caution must be exercised. Prevention measures:

1. Dress according to the season - overheating is also not good for the body. You should especially be wary of hypothermia. You need to wear warm boots, trousers, tights, preventing freezing.
2. It is better to choose linen from natural fabrics. When wearing short skirts, it is better to choose closed panties rather than thongs. It is easy to catch an infection in public transport, a park, or a university. In addition, narrow strips injure the mucous membranes, opening the path to infection.
3. When wearing pads, you should follow the rules for changing them. No matter how much manufacturers guarantee their antibacterial properties and convince them that they “breathe,” microbes multiply very quickly in them.
4. Cleanliness is the key to health. It is necessary to observe hygiene requirements and wash regularly. Do not use other people's towels, washcloths, or clothes.

A good way of prevention is walking, exercising without fanaticism, light sports, and an active lifestyle. The overall tone of the body promotes good blood circulation, improved metabolic processes and resistance against infection. Then you won’t have to deal with inflammation of the genitourinary system and take antibiotics.

Dear readers!

This publication will focus on infectious and inflammatory diseases - pyelonephritis (including in pregnant women), cystitis (including interstitial), orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis and prostatitis.
The information is presented in a form that patients can understand. This was done for two purposes: first, to help the doctor more effectively build a dialogue with the patient, to clearly explain the essence of his illness and treatment tactics in limited time; the second is to provide information support for patients interested in various problems of urology. We are confident that the more a patient knows about his disease and what is happening in his body, the easier it is for him and his doctor to decide on the correct tactics of examination and treatment, the higher his adherence to treatment will be and, accordingly, the higher the result of therapy. Currently, there is a constant increase in the variety of drugs and treatment methods that can be offered for the same disease. Each of the methods has its own positive aspects, and make right choice It is possible only by making a decision together. Trusting relationships and good information are the main key to the success of treatment.
The authors express the hope that this material will be useful in the daily practice of urologists in our country.

Key words: pyelonephritis, pregnancy, cystitis, interstitial cystitis, orchitis, epididymitis, urethritis, prostatitis, information support for patients.

For quotation: Rasner P.I., Vasiliev A.O., Pushkar D.Yu. Inflammatory diseases of the urinary system // Breast cancer. 2016. No. 23. pp. 1553-1561

Inflammatory disorders of urinary system
Rasner P.I., Vasil "ev A.O., Pushkar" D.Yu.

A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

Dear readers!
This paper discusses infectious inflammatory urinary disorders, i.e., pyelonephritis (in particular, in pregnant women), cystitis (in particular, interstitial), orchitis and epididymitis, urethritis and prostatitis.
The information is easy to read and understand. The publication has two goals. The first goal is to improve patient-physician communication, to explain the nature of the disease and treatment approach in limited time. The second goal is to provide information for patients who are interested in urology. The more the patient is informed about his/her disease, the easier is the decision on diagnostic and therapeutic strategy and the better is treatment adherence and outcomes. Currently, the set of pharmaceutical agents and treatment methods for a given disorder is growing. Each method has specific advantages, therefore, the doctor and the patient should cooperate to make the right treatment choice. Trust and information secure perfect treatment outcomes.
The authors hope that these materials will be useful for daily urological practice in Russia.

Key words: pyelonephritis, pregnancy, cystitis, interstitial cystitis, orchitis, epididymitis, urethritis, prostatitis, information for patients.

For citation: Rasner P.I., Vasil "ev A.O., Pushkar" D.Yu. Inflammatory disorders of urinary system // RMJ. 2016. No. 23. P.1553 –1561.

The article is devoted to inflammatory diseases of the urinary system